QIC Qarmet steel plant

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QIC Qarmet steel plant (АрселорМиттал Темиртау (Russian)), also known as Karaganda Steel Works; ArcelorMittal Temirtau steel plant (predecessor), is a blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace (BF-BOF) steel plant operating in Temirtau, Karaganda, Kazakhstan.

Location

The map below shows the exact location of the plant in Temirtau, Karaganda, Kazakhstan:

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  • Location: Temirtau, Karaganda Region, 100000, Kazakhstan
  • Coordinates (WGS 84): 50.031766, 72.994863 (exact)

Background

The construction of the Karaganda Metallurgical Plant started during WWII, with forced labor from Karlag camp among the construction workers.[1] The plant's first blast furnace produced pig iron in 1960.[2] Blast furnace #2 became operational in 1961. The open heath furnaces and a 250-ton BOF started operating from 1961 to 1970. Blast furnaces #3 and #4 were commissioned in 1971 and 1975, respectively.[3] Open hearth furnaces and blast furnace #1 have since retired.[4][5]

Ispat International privatized the plant in 1995, which was then renamed Ispat Karmet. In 2004 the plant was renamed Mittal Steel Temirtau and later in 2007 to ArcellorMittal Temirtau, as it is known today.[1][6]

Notably, the former president of Kazakhstan Nazarbayev was among the workers of the Karaganda Metallurgical Plant.[1] There are speculations that his role in the privatization of the plant and the alleged relationship with Mittal prevented any action toward ArcelorMittal Temirtau during the thirty years of the operations until 2023, when the influence of the first president has waned.[7]

The ArcelorMittal Temirtau complex includes eight coal mines and one of the world's largest integrated steel plants.[8] In 2021, the company announced a modernization program.[9]

In December 2024, the previous owner of the plant - ArcelorMittal - completed the sale of its assets in Kazakhstan to Qazaqstan Investment Corporation. QIC acquired all the shares in ArcelorMittal Temirtau. In January 2024, Qazaqstan Steel Group and its founder Andrey Lavrentiev became the new investor. ArcelorMittal Temirtau was later renamed Qarmet.[10]

In July 2024, Qarmet shut down BOF No. 1 for extensive repairs, with completion expected in October 2024. During the shutdown, the converter body will be replaced, along with other essential maintenance work. Earlier, in May 2024, the plant successfully restarted BOF No. 2 following a similar overhaul.[11] The equipment was provided by Danieli Corus.[12]

Worker Safety Record

In total, at least 180 employees died during the thirty years of operations at ArcelorMittal Temirtau facilities.[13] More than one hundred miners died in accidents at the mining complex between 2004-2010.[8] In May 2021, two workers got life-threatening injuries from hot crude iron due to equipment failure.[14] There were additional accidents in 2022; in June, a roof collapse killed 4 and injured 1, opening a criminal case.[15][16] In the first half of 2023, inspections of the facilities initiated court cases against ArcelorMittal Temirtau, demanding the suspension of 55 production units, however the court decreed the suspension of only 25 units.[17] Former Minister of Emergency Situations of Kazakhstan, Yuri Ilyin, stated in 2021 that systematic violations of safety requirements were commonplace at ArcelorMittal Temirtau, and the court has been reluctant to suspend hazardous production processes and only imposed administrative fines.[18]

Most recently, in October 2023, a fire erupted in a Kostenko coal mine operated by ArcelorMittal Temirtau, causing 46 deaths.[19][20] FOllowing the public discontent, Kazakhstan confirmed the nationalization of ArcelorMittal Temirtau, pending a new investor to manage and improve social, safety and environmental issues.[21]

Environmental Record

According to the Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air (CREA), while ArcelorMittal owned the plant, local communities were exposed to dangerous levels of toxic air pollutants (PM2.5, NO2, SO2). This is estimated to have led to 3,000 deaths, 190 preterm births, and 2,600 cases of childhood asthma. The economic cost for Kazakh society in health-related damages from exposure to these pollutants is estimated at USD 4.2 billion, highlighting the significant long-term consequences of the plant’s operations while ArcelorMittal was in charge.[22]

Public Health Impact

Temirtau is one of the most polluted cities in Kazakhstan, mostly attributable to the ArcelorMittal Temirtau complex.[8][23] The closest house to the ArcelorMittal Temirtau complex is 500 meters away.[24]

In 2012, Ayman Mussina, MD, Professor, Chief Scientific Secretary of the National Center for Occupational Health, commented on the youth population in Temirtau and the nearby village of Chkalovo:

"The index of physical development of the boys is behind age norms. The sexual development level of one third of surveyed girls is below normal. The study of the brain development of adolescents shows the signs of stress. In adults – symptoms of chronic fatigue and depression were observed. Accelerated pace of aging, especially in women."[24]

Black Snow

In January 2018, multiple sources reported the event of "black snow" falling on Temirtau.[25][26][27][28] Residents of Termitau and the Karaganda region collected signatures to petition Aliya Nazarbayeva, the youngest daughter of President Nursultan Nazarbayev and the head of the Association of Ecological Organisations of Kazakhstan to investigate and fine ArcelorMittal Temirtau.[26] In December 2017, ArcelorMittal Termitau acknowledged the possible relationship between pollution from the plant and the black snow, stating that "emissions do not dissipate and this most likely caused the change of the snow's colour".[26] However, ArcelorMittal Temirtau later stated that "the metallurgical plant is only one of many factors that affect the environment of the region."[28] ArcelorMittal Temirtau also blamed the the number of cars and houses heated by stoves as sources of pollution.[28]

In June 2018, ArcelorMittal Temirtau was fined more than 14.5 million tenge (36,000 USD) for excess pollution, although it is unclear that this resulted directly from the "black snow" event.[29] In July 2018, a major newspaper of Kazakhstan, the Kazakh Telegraph Agency (KazTAG), reported that the ecology department of the Karaganda region conducted an unplanned check of ArcelorMittal Temirtau and "revealed numerous violations of nature protection requirements."[30] As a result, the ecology department of the Karaganda region asked the courts to charge ArcelorMittal Temirtau 1.3 billion tenge (3.2 million USD) in environmental fines.[30]

Environmental Fines and Investments

From 1997-2006, ArcelorMittal completed a project, which included the implementation of three Environmental Action Plans, supported by a 250 million USD loan from the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) and International Finance Corporation (IFC). The CEE Bankwatch Network reports that there is no evidence that the completion of these projects improved the environmental situation at ArcelorMittal Temirtau.[8]

In 2007, the EBRD provided an additional 100 million USD loan to ArcelorMittal Temirtau to improve health and safety practices at their mining complex.[8]

In 2010, the Karaganda Regional Prosecutor's Office fined ArcelorMittal Temirtau for excess air pollution and for having no documentation of the environmental impacts of ArcelorMittal Temirtau's operations.[8]

In 2019, ArcelorMittal Temirtau was fined 350 USD for contamination of the Samarkand water reservoir and 2,300 USD for a smoldering fire on their rock waste dump. In 2019, ArcelorMittal Temirtau was also fined 54,000 USD and 631,000 USD for environmental problems associated with their coal operations.[31]

Plant Details

Table 1: General Plant Details

Phase Plant status Start date Retired date Workforce size Power source Iron ore source Coal source
Main plant Operating[32] 1960[33] – 12894[34] Karaganda Steel Works power station (ТЭЦ-ПВС Карагандинского металлургического комбината) and Karaganda TPS-2 power station (ТЭЦ -2 АО "Арселор Миттал Темиртау")[35][36][37][38] Lisakovski, Kentube, Atasu, Atansore iron ore mines[33][39] 8 coal mines across Karaganda region
Closure Retired[40][41] 1960[33] 2017[40][41] – Karaganda Steel Works power station (ТЭЦ-ПВС Карагандинского металлургического комбината) and Karaganda TPS-2 power station (ТЭЦ -2 АО "Арселор Миттал Темиртау")[35][36][37][38] Lisakovski, Kentube, Atasu, Atansore iron ore mines[33][39] 8 coal mines across Karaganda region

Table 2: Ownership and Parent Company Information

Phase State-owned entity status Parent company Parent company GEM ID Owner Owner company PermID Owner company GEM ID
Main plant Full NUH Baiterek JSC [100.0%] E100001000197 [100%] Qazaqstan Investment Corporation AO[42][43] 5037475644 E100001011212

Table 3: Process and Products

Phase Steel product category Steel products Steel sector end users ISO 14001 Main production equipment Detailed production equipment
Main plant semi-finished; finished rolled[44] continuous casting slabs; continuous casting billets and blooms; slabs; blooms and billets; hot- and cold-rolled coils and mills; wielded pipes; tinplate mills; black plates; covers; tin plates; hot dipped galvanized products; polymer coated products; welded pipes; rebars; coke; chemical by-products[44][45] tools and machinery[46][45] yes[47] BF, BOF[48][49] coking plant (6 batteries); 3 sinter plants; 3 BF; 3 BOF (3x300-tonne)[48][50]
Closure semi-finished; finished rolled[51][46] continuous caster slabs; continuous caster billets; hot- and cold-rolled coils and sheets; black plates; covers; tin plates; hot dipped galvanized products; polymer coated products; welded pipes; rebars; coke; chemical by-products[51][33][46] tools and machinery[46] – BF[51] BF[52][35]

Table 4: Crude Steel Production Capacities (thousand tonnes per annum)

*Please see our Frequently Asked Questions page for an explanation of the different capacity operating statuses.
Phase Capacity operating status* Basic oxygen furnace steelmaking capacity Nominal crude steel capacity (total)
Main plant operating 6000 TTPA[53][33][54][53][33][54][53][33][54] 6000 TTPA[53][33][54][53][33][54][53][33][54]
Closure retired – –

Table 5: Crude Iron Production Capacities (thousand tonnes per annum)

*Please see our Frequently Asked Questions page for an explanation of the different capacity operating statuses.
Phase Capacity operating status* Blast furnace capacity Nominal iron capacity (total)
Main plant operating 5400 TTPA[53][55][35][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64] 5400 TTPA[53][55][35][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64]
Closure retired 1100 TTPA[65] 1100 TTPA[65]

Table 6: Upstream Products Production Capacities (thousand tonnes per annum)

Phase Sinter Coke
Main plant 5000 TTPA[49][66] 3500 TTPA[48]
Closure – –

Table 7: Actual Crude Steel Production by Year (thousand tonnes per annum)

Year BOF Production Total (all routes)
2020 3200 TTPA[46][67] 3200 TTPA[46]
2021 3400 TTPA[68] 3400 TTPA[68]
2022 3400 TTPA[44] 3400 TTPA[44]

Table 8: Actual Crude Iron Production by Year (thousand tonnes per annum)

Year BF Production Total (all routes)
2020 3100 TTPA[67] 3100 TTPA[67]
2021 3200 TTPA[69] 3200 TTPA[69]
2022 – –

Blast Furnace Details

Table 9: Blast Furnace Details

Unit name Status Announced date Construction date Start date Retired date Furnace manufacturer and model Current size Current capacity (ttpa) Most recent relining
1 retired[40][41] – – 1982[40][70] 2017[41] – 1719 m³[70] 1100[65] unknown
2 operating[40] unknown unknown 1961-06[71][70][56][41][57] –[68] Paul Wurth Kalugin Shaftless stove (KSS)[35][72] 2291 m³[48] 1300[53][55][35][56][57] 2012-04-27[57][73]
3 operating[40] unknown unknown 1971[71][74][75][61][41][61] –[68] Paul Wurth; Danieli Corus Danieli Corus Blast Furnace design (2021 revamp)[76][77][77] 3848 m³[48] 2300[58][59][60][61][62] 2015-02-18[78][62][79]
4 operating[40] unknown unknown 1975-04[80][41][81][82] –[68] – 3499 m³[48] 1800[63][64] 2016-11-07[83]

Articles and Resources

Additional data

To access additional data, including an interactive map of steel power plants, a downloadable dataset, and summary data, please visit the Global Steel Plant Tracker on the Global Energy Monitor website.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Карагандинский металлургический комбинат". wikipedia.org.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  2. ↑ "История Карагандинского металлургического завода АО «АрселорМиттал Темиртау". Журнал "Глобус: геология и бизнес" (in русский). 2020-06-02. Retrieved 2023-11-28.
  3. ↑ "История Карагандинского металлургического завода АО «АрселорМиттал Темиртау". Журнал "Глобус: геология и бизнес" (in русский). 2020-06-02. Retrieved 2023-11-28.
  4. ↑ "История Карагандинского металлургического завода АО «АрселорМиттал Темиртау". Журнал "Глобус: геология и бизнес" (in русский). 2020-06-02. Retrieved 2023-11-28.
  5. ↑ "Стальной департамент". www.arcelormittal.kz. Retrieved 2023-11-28.
  6. ↑ Домнин, Аскар Машаев, Сергей (2023-11-02). "Какой инвестор сменит Миттала в Темиртау?". Kursiv Media Казахстан (in русский). Retrieved 2023-11-28.
  7. ↑ "Почему «АрселорМиттал Темиртау», где погибло 180 человек за 30 лет, попросили из Казахстана только сейчас?". CABAR.asia (in русский). 2023-11-09. Retrieved 2023-11-28.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 ArcelorMittal Temirtau, Kazakhstan, CEE Bankwatch Network, Retrieved on: Jun. 22, 2020
  9. ↑ "ArcelorMittal Temirtau to invest over $3 billion in production development". Kapital. September 20, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  10. ↑ "Kazakhstan's Qarmet plans to increase production of steel products in 2024". GMK Center. January 16, 2024. Retrieved October 3, 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  11. ↑ "Kazakhstan's Qarmet shuts down Converter №1 for overhaul". GMK Center. July 31, 2024. Retrieved October 7, 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  12. ↑ "Qarmet". map.imstalcon.kz. March 11, 2024. Retrieved October 7, 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  13. ↑ Домнин, Аскар Машаев, Сергей (2023-11-02). "Какой инвестор сменит Миттала в Темиртау?". Kursiv Media Казахстан (in русский). Retrieved 2023-11-22.
  14. ↑ "Two workers were burned by hot iron at ArcelorMittal Temirtau". Sputnik. May 26, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  15. ↑ Gusev, Oleg (November 28, 2022). "Another accident at Arcelor left the company without long products". Inbusiness.kz.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  16. ↑ "Kazakhstan: Roof collapse at ArcelorMittal metallurgical plant in Temirtau killed 4, injured 1; incl. co. comments - Business & Human Rights Resource Centre". Business & Human Rights Resource Centre. Retrieved 2023-04-24.
  17. ↑ BES.media (2023-10-28). "Хронология ЧП в АМТ. Сколько человек похоронили на предприятиях за годы правления Миттала?". bes.media (in русский). Retrieved 2023-12-07.
  18. ↑ "Нарушения в «АрселорМиттал Темиртау» выявляются постоянно — МЧС". total.kz (in русский). Retrieved 2023-12-07.
  19. ↑ Азимжанова, Айтурган (2023-11-01). "Появился список погибших на шахте им. Костенко. Самому младшему было 26 лет, самому старшему - 62 года". Kursiv Media Казахстан (in русский). Retrieved 2023-11-09.
  20. ↑ "Kazakhstan confirms nationalization of ArcelorMittal subsidiary after mine fire kills at least 32". AP News. 2023-10-28. Retrieved 2023-11-06.
  21. ↑ Азимжанова, Айтурган (2023-11-04). "Новый инвестор "АрселорМиттал Темиртау" не связан с Россией - Скляр". Kursiv Media Казахстан (in русский). Retrieved 2023-11-06.
  22. ↑ "ArcelorMittal given golden handshake, left Kazakhstan with multi-billion dollar health costs". Steelwatch. August 28, 2024. Retrieved October 8, 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  23. ↑ "Темиртау лидирует в списке самых загрязненных городов Казахстана - Аналитический интернет-журнал Власть". vlast.kz (in русский). 2023-04-13. Retrieved 2023-11-22.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 Temirtau: town where colored snow falls, Arnika, Jul. 18, 2014, Retrieved on: Jun. 22, 2020
  25. ↑ 'Black snow' blankets Kazakhstan city believed to be polluted, Allen Cone, UPI, Jan. 11, 2018, Retrieved on: Jun. 22, 2020
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 Black snow troubles pollution-weary Kazakhs in Temirtau, Abdujalil Abdurasulov, BBC News, Jan. 11, 2018, Retrieved on: Jun. 22, 2020
  27. ↑ Kazakhstan: Investigators drop blackmail probe against mining exec, Eurasianet, Feb. 1, 2019, Retrieved on: Jun. 22, 2020
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 Stoves and cars could affect the color of snow in the city - ArcelorMittal Temirtau (Russian), Adela Vasilyeva, Today KZ, Sep. 1, 2018, Retrieved on: Jun. 22, 2018
  29. ↑ ArcelorMittal Temirtau has been fined for more than KZT14.5 million for emission of pollutants, Kazakh Telegraph Agency (KazTAG), Jun. 12, 2018, Retrieved on: Jun. 22, 2020
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 AMT may be fined over 1.3 bn tenge for environment pollution in Kyzylorda region, Kazakh Telegraph Agency (KazTAG), Jul. 19, 2018, Retrieved on: Jun. 22, 2020
  31. ↑ ArcelorMittal Temirtau continues to implement its $198m environmental investment plan, ArcelorMittal, Retrieved on: Jun. 22, 2020
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  33. ↑ 33.00 33.01 33.02 33.03 33.04 33.05 33.06 33.07 33.08 33.09 33.10 https://web.archive.org/web/20220111153730/https://aktau.arcelormittal.com/preview-protection.aspx?sc_lang. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  34. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20231030144422/https://www.enbek.kz/ru/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5/%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5-%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE-%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB-%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83~122542. Archived from the original on 30 October 2023. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 35.3 35.4 35.5 35.6 https://web.archive.org/web/20181104020216/http://www.arcelormittal.kz:80/index.php?id. Archived from the original on 04 November 2018. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 https://web.archive.org/web/20220127020704/https://gem.wiki/Karaganda_Steel_Works_power_station. Archived from the original on 27 January 2022. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 https://web.archive.org/web/20220127020825/https://gem.wiki/Karaganda_TPS-2_power_station. Archived from the original on 27 January 2022. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 https://www.steelorbis.com/steel-news/latest-news/arcelormittal-temirtau-to-investto-modernize-production-facilities-1259055.htm?searchKey=temirtau&sc=article. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 https://web.archive.org/web/20180623175127/https://www.arcelormittal.kz/index.php?id. Archived from the original on 23 June 2018. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 40.2 40.3 40.4 40.5 40.6 https://www.arcelormittal.kz/index.php?id=10&pr=159. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 41.3 41.4 41.5 41.6 https://web.archive.org/web/20210506074850/https://www.vnedra.ru/glavnaya-tema/proizvodstvennyj-tandem-9793/. Archived from the original on 06 May 2021. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  42. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20240125151633/https://corporate.arcelormittal.com/media/press-releases/arcelormittal-completes-sale-of-arcelormittal-temirtau. Archived from the original on 25 January 2024. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  43. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20240207193509/https://gmk.center/en/news/kazakhstans-qarmet-plans-to-increase-production-of-steel-products-in-2024/. Archived from the original on 07 February 2024. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 44.2 44.3 (PDF) https://web.archive.org/web/20231029182836/https://corporate.arcelormittal.com/media/pfwpkrrw/arcelor-mittal-fact-book-2022.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 October 2023. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 https://www.arcelormittal.kz/en/klientam-i-partneram/produktsiya/. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 46.2 46.3 46.4 46.5 (PDF) https://web.archive.org/web/20211231044946/https://corporate-media.arcelormittal.com/media/w0epovkr/2020-arcelormittal-annual-report.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 December 2021. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  47. ↑ (PDF) https://web.archive.org/web/20230316095132/https://www.arcelormittal.kz/reports/CR/%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%87%D1%91%D1%82_2021_%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 March 2023. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 48.2 48.3 48.4 48.5 https://web.archive.org/web/20231122203425/https://www.arcelormittal.kz/company/o-predpriyatii/stalnoy-departament/index.php. Archived from the original on 22 November 2023. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 (PDF) https://www.gov.kz/uploads/2021/11/23/2a5ee674fe4804b10f98fe6f7c3b1a7d_original.8410172.pdf. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  50. ↑ (PDF) https://web.archive.org/web/20230922152119/https://onsite.iteca.kz/img/files/amm/2023/doclady_2023/ecology/Tsimbal%20Konstantin.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 September 2023. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 51.2 (PDF) https://web.archive.org/web/20220121144844/https://factbook2018.arcelormittal.com/~/media/Files/A/Arcelormittal-Factbook-2018/AM_FactBook_2018.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 January 2022. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  52. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20240125010836/https://corporate.arcelormittal.com/media/case-studies/arcelormittal-temirtau-continues-to-implement-its-198m. Archived from the original on 25 January 2024. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 53.2 53.3 53.4 53.5 53.6 53.7 53.8 https://web.archive.org/web/20220126134815/https://www.metalinfo.ru/ru/news/117566. Archived from the original on 26 January 2022. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  54. ↑ 54.0 54.1 54.2 54.3 54.4 54.5 (PDF) https://web.archive.org/web/20211103044419/https://corporate-media.arcelormittal.com/media/4sjfifdj/factbook-2019.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 03 November 2021. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  55. ↑ 55.0 55.1 55.2 https://nomad.su/?a=15-202007060022. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 56.2 56.3 https://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=31184279. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  57. ↑ 57.0 57.1 57.2 57.3 57.4 https://kaztag.kz/ru/news/domennaya-pech-2-arselormittal-temirtau-vvedena-v-ekspluatatsiyu-posle-rekonstruktsii. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  58. ↑ 58.0 58.1 58.2 https://web.archive.org/web/20220705082035/http://www.panoramakz.com/index.php/economics/industry/item/37965-. Archived from the original on 05 July 2022. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  59. ↑ 59.0 59.1 59.2 https://web.archive.org/web/20170501052722/http://www.inform.kz:80/ru/den-industrializacii-metallurgi-temirtau-uvelichili-proizvoditel-nost-blagodarya-modernizacii-domennoy-pechi-3_a2792999. Archived from the original on 01 May 2017. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  60. ↑ 60.0 60.1 60.2 https://www.arcelormittal.kz/index.php?id=10&pr=21. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  61. ↑ 61.0 61.1 61.2 61.3 61.4 https://www.arcelormittal.kz/index.php?id=10&pr=18. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  62. ↑ 62.0 62.1 62.2 62.3 (PDF) https://web.archive.org/web/20181123144521/http://ecogosfond.kz:80/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/karag_oblast2016-2020_ru.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 November 2018. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  63. ↑ 63.0 63.1 63.2 https://web.archive.org/web/20171230044232/http://www.inform.kz:80/ru/cikl-modernizacii-domennyh-pechey-zavershili-metallurgi-temirtau_a2977194. Archived from the original on 30 December 2017. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  64. ↑ 64.0 64.1 64.2 https://inbusiness.kz/ru/news/ocherednaya-avariya-na-%C2%ABarselormittal-temirtau%C2%BB. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  65. ↑ 65.0 65.1 65.2 https://web.archive.org/web/20220722183713/https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/blast-furnace. Archived from the original on 22 July 2022. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  66. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20230630090916/https://www.nur.kz/society/2026978-60-let-nazad-v-istorii-kazahstanskoy-magnitki-byl-vydan-pervyy-aglomerat/?. Archived from the original on 30 June 2023. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  67. ↑ 67.0 67.1 67.2 https://kz.kursiv.media/2021-02-18/arselormittal-temirtau-uvelichit-proizvodstvo-stali/. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  68. ↑ 68.0 68.1 68.2 68.3 68.4 (PDF) https://corporate.arcelormittal.com/media/3z1ozw5h/arcelor-mittal-fact-book-2021.pdf. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  69. ↑ 69.0 69.1 https://web.archive.org/web/20221122063112/https://kazvedomosti.kz/article/arselor-mittal-i-kazahstan-kto-v-kom-nuzhdaetsya-bolshe/. Archived from the original on 22 November 2022. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
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  71. ↑ 71.0 71.1 https://nomad.su/?a=15-202007060022%D0%B6. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  72. ↑ https://www.scribd.com/document/495686114/0865-F5010-00000-TS01. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  73. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20240322053704/https://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=31253498. Archived from the original on 22 March 2024. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
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  75. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20201026134526/http://panoramakz.com/index.php/economics/industry/item/37296-. Archived from the original on 26 October 2020. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  76. ↑ https://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=31306414. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  77. ↑ 77.0 77.1 https://web.archive.org/web/20211018043714/https://www.danieli.com/en/news-media/news/arcelormittal-temirtau-awards-danieli-corus-ironmaking-and-steelmaking-projects_37_659.htm. Archived from the original on 18 October 2021. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  78. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20240322053730/https://kazpravda.kz/n/serdtse-zheleznoy-gory-tw/. Archived from the original on 22 March 2024. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  79. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20231127215715/https://imstalcon.com/%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B/%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B8-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82-%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B8-%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B8-3/. Archived from the original on 27 November 2023. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  80. ↑ https://knowledge.allbest.ru/manufacture/3c0a65625a2ac68a5c43b88521206d36_0.html https://nomad.su/?a=15-202007060022%D0%B6б https://knowledge.allbest.ru/manufacture/3c0a65625a2ac68a5c43b88521206d36_0.html. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  81. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20210417223213/https://mc.ru/news/nw/news_id/7703. Archived from the original on 17 April 2021. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  82. ↑ https://www.arcelormittal.kz/index.php?id=10&pr=16. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  83. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20240110004757/https://ekaraganda.kz/?mod=news_read&id=40120. Archived from the original on 10 January 2024. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

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