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Camisea Gas Pipeline, known locally as Gasoducto Camisea, is an operating natural gas pipeline in Peru.[1]
Location
Transporting natural gas from Block 88 of the Camisea gas fields in Peru's Amazon basin, the Camisea pipeline originates at the Malvinas separation plant in Sabeti (Cuzco department), continues west across the Andes to Peru's Pacific coast, and follows the coast north to Lurín (Lima department). From Lurín, distribution pipelines transport natural gas on to the urban centers of Lima and Callao. The pipeline passes through the departments of Cusco, Ayacucho, Ica and Lima.[2]
Project Details
- Operator: TGP (Transportadora de Gas del Peru)[3][4][5]
- Parent Company: Canada Pension Plan Investment Board (49.87%), Enagás (28.95%), Sonatrach (21.18%)[6][7]
- Current capacity: 15.92 bcm/y (1540 MMcfd)[8][9]
- Length: 730 km[2][3][8]
- Diameter: 18 inches (coastal section), 24 inches (trans-Andes section), 32 inches (Amazon basin)[2]
- Status: Operating
- Start Year: 2004[10][11]
Background
The Camisea Gas Pipeline system is operated under a 33-year concession granted in 2000 by the Peruvian government to Transportadora de Gas Peruano, an international consortium whose members originally included Tecgas, Pluspetrol, Hunt Oil Company, SK Corporation, Sonatrach and Grana y Montero.[5][12] The pipeline passes directly through indigenous territory in the Amazon, connecting to wells in a reserve established for the previously isolated Nahua-Kugapakori peoples in southern Peru.[13]
In October 2021, Peruvian President Pedro Castillo called for the nationalization of the Camisea gas field in an attempt to return assets to the people.[14]
Leaks, Accidents, and Shutdowns
The pipeline began operating in August 2004.[10][11] By March 2006 there had already been five major leaks along the pipeline.[13][15] An independent audit by E-Tech in 2006 attributed these accidents to poor planning and construction, including: "improperly certified welders; fast promotions from welder’s helper to welder; improperly welded pipe ends; risky pipe jointing used to adapt to difficult terrain rather than searches for more stable routes. The audit also found that 30 to 40 percent of the pipe materials were left over from other South American projects and of substandard quality.[16] Leaks and other accidents along the pipeline have continued in subsequent years.[17][18]
In December 2019 Peru's government, at the behest of military officials, placed the Camisea pipeline under a state of emergency due to the perceived threat of guerrilla attacks on the section of pipeline that passes through the VRAEM (Valle de los Ríos Apurímac, Ene y Mantaro), a major drug-trafficking area.[19] The emergency declaration was subsequently extended multiple times in two-month increments, with the latest declaration remaining in effect through December 2020.[20][21]
Environmental & Human Impact
Critics of the pipeline and the Camisea Gas Project have cited its negative impact on human health, the environment, and the lives of indigenous people in the area. Camisea is “a tale of political scandal, technical flaws, and environmental degradation,” said Maria Ramos of Amazon Watch in 2006.[22] The Overseas Private Investment Corporation and Export-Import Bank of the U.S. initially rejected Camisea financing for environmental reasons, and financial services company Citigroup withdrew under pressure from activists. The project then obtained financing from the Inter-American Bank.[22]
Indigenous groups impacted by the Camisea gas pipeline project cited the following as challenges: inadequate government support for consultation and dialogue, lack of capacity in local government, inadequate compensation for areas deforested, company noncompliance to local development project, and the disturbance of fauna by construction.[23] Fish stocks have declined, solid waste management has been inadequate, disease has been spread by employees of the company to indigenous populations unaccustomed to contact with diseases such as influenza & whooping cough, and infrastructure has brought a population to the area that doesn't have adequate municipal resources to support them.[24]
In 2004, infant mortality in Malanksiari village reached 40% while outbreaks of disease were becoming more pervasive across indigenous communities.[25]
In 2006 the Peruvian government’s Office of the People’s Defender criticized Camisea for violating indigenous rights, attributing a rise in cases of diarrhea, syphilis, and other illnesses to instances of prohibited contact between workers and native people.[22]
In 2011, as a response to the decimation of the fish population in the river some locals were hoping to move to fish farming with the assistance of TGP.[26] Local populations had spent years trying to adapt to a river without fish and traditional diets have been replaced with canned fish and packaged goods leading to malnutrition.[27]
In 2013, the United Nations called for the ‘immediate suspension’ of any plans to expand the Camisea Gas project, due to the high likelihood that by further intrusion into the Nahua-Nanti Reserve, several uncontacted and isolated tribes who live in the territory could be placed at risk of disease and death, as well as extreme scarcity brought on by disruption to game animals. The territory also serves as a buffer zone for Manu National Park, considered by UNESCO to be "the most biodiverse place on earth."[28] The World Bank conducted a study that found the project would have "negative irreversible impacts on the biodiversity of [the] area and on indigenous groups living in isolation, regardless of the implementation of the strictest mitigation measures."[29]
In 2016, a health emergency was declared due to the mercury epidemic impacting the Nahua population as well as a lack of clean, potable water.[30]
Articles and resources
References
- ↑ Camisea Gas Project, Wikipedia, accessed February 2018
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Proyecto Camisea: Proceso de Supervisión y Fiscalización del Medio Ambiente y Social" (PDF). Osinerg. May 2003.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ 3.0 3.1 "TGP | Transportamos Energía para el Crecimeinto del Perú". TGP. Retrieved 2021-07-01.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ 10 years of Camisea: The natural gas revolution in Peru, TO&GY, Feb. 24, 2015
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Empresas Concesionarias y Licenciatarias". Osinergmin. Retrieved 2021-07-01.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ "Transportadora de Gas del Perú S.A. - Composición de Accionistas (p 6)" (PDF). PCR (Pacific Credit Rating). July 26, 2017.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ "Nosotros: Nuestros Accionistas". TGP (Transportadora de Gas del Perú). Retrieved 2022-08-05.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Contrato de concesión del sistema de transporte de gas natural por ductos de Camisea al City Gate - marzo de 2022" (PDF). Osinergmin. March 2022.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ "TgP amplía capacidad de transporte del ducto de Camisea". El Comercio. August 22, 2016.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ 10.0 10.1 "La Industria del Gas Natural en el Perú a 10 Anõs del Proyecto Camisea" (PDF). Osinergmin. August 2014.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Resumen Ejecutivo: Supervisión - Fiscalización Camisea - Etapa Constructiva" (PDF). Osinerg. 2004.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ "Peru to complete Camisea pipeline expansion ahead of schedule (p 10)". Pipelines International. December 2009.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ 13.0 13.1 PERU: CAMISEA PIPELINE ENDANGERING INDIGENOUS PEOPLES, ENVIRONMENT, Cultural Survival, accessed February 2018
- ↑ Graeber, Daniel (October 26, 2021). "PERU AIMS TO PRIVATISE CAMISEA GAS FIELD". Retrieved December 14, 2021.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ "Camisea Gas Pipe Leaks for Fifth Time in Peru". Amazon Watch. March 5, 2006. Retrieved 2021-04-15.
- ↑ EVALUACIÓN DE FALLAS EN TUBERÍAS DEL PROYECTO CAMISEA Y SOLUCIONES A LARGO PLAZO, E-Tech International, Feb. 27, 2006
- ↑ "Perú detiene exportación de gas tras fallas en gasoducto y mantenimiento". Gestión. February 16, 2016.
- ↑ "27 personas afectadas por derrame de gas líquido en la selva peruana". Mongabay. February 6, 2018.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ "Peru extends state of emergency for gas pipe..." BNamericas. February 24, 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ "Gasoducto Camisea permanecerá bajo estado de..." BNamericas. June 18, 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ "Perú extiende estado de emergencia para gasoducto Camisea". BNamericas. October 15, 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 Critics say Peru pipeline is an accident waiting to happen, Grist, Apr. 27, 2006
- ↑ "Peruvian village sees pollution, few benefits from gas pipeline project". www.oxfamamerica.org. Retrieved 2021-12-14.
- ↑ "OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION IN THE AMAZON: CAMISEA". wwf.panda.org. Retrieved 2021-12-14.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ "Peru: Gas Pipeline Threatens Health of Indigenous Communities". www.greengrants.org. Retrieved 2021-12-14.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ "Peru Village Sees Few Gains From Natural Gas Project". NPR.org. Retrieved 2021-12-14.
- ↑ Garrigues, Lisa. "The Camisea chronicles 'River people try to cope with a life without fish'". Indian Country Today. Retrieved 2021-12-14.
- ↑ "'Worldwide protests to stop Amazon gas project expansion'". Survival International. 19 April 2013. Retrieved 19 April 2013.
- ↑ "Peru's Camisea Gas Project Falls Short of World Bank's Environmental Standards". www.culturalsurvival.org. Retrieved 2021-12-14.
- ↑ "Pioneer gas project in Latin America fails indigenous peoples". the Guardian. 2016-06-03. Retrieved 2021-12-14.
Related GEM.wiki articles
External resources
External articles
Wikipedia also has an article on Camisea Gas Pipeline (Camisea Gas Project. This article may use content from the Wikipedia article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License].
