Punta Catalina power station
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Punta Catalina power station (Central Termoeléctrica Punta Catalina) is an operating power station of at least 752-megawatts (MW) in Punta Catalina - Hatillo, Azua, Dominican Republic. It is also known as Hatillo power station.
Location
Table 1: Project-level location details
| Plant name | Location | Coordinates (WGS 84) |
|---|---|---|
| Punta Catalina power station | Punta Catalina - Hatillo, Azua, Dominican Republic | 18.232641, -70.237669 (exact) |
The map below shows the exact location of the power station.
Unit-level coordinates (WGS 84):
- Unit 1, Unit 2: 18.232641, -70.237669
Project Details
Table 2: Unit-level details
| Unit name | Status | Fuel(s) | Capacity (MW) | Technology | Start year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unit 1 | operating | coal: unknown | 376 | subcritical | 2019 |
| Unit 2 | operating | coal: unknown | 376 | subcritical | 2020 |
Table 3: Unit-level ownership and operator details
| Unit name | Owner | Parent |
|---|---|---|
| Unit 1 | EDE Punta Catalina [100%] | Corporación Dominicana de Empresas Eléctricas Estatales |
| Unit 2 | EDE Punta Catalina [100%] | Corporación Dominicana de Empresas Eléctricas Estatales |
Project-level coal details
- Coal source(s): imported
Financing
- Source of financing: US$1,288.50 million in debt from BNDES, Societe Generale (France), Banco Santander (Spain), ING Bank (Netherlands), Unicredit (Italy), and Deutsche Bank (Germany); US$811.50 million in equity from the Government of the Dominican Republic; US$500 million bond issue from the Government of the Dominican Republic
Background
Punta Catalina power station is the Dominican Republic's largest coal-fired power plant and leading electricity provider[1], accounting for 30% of the country's generating capacity.[2][3]
The US$2 billion Punta Catalina project was designed to include two identical 376 MW-each[3][2] coal-fired units and a coal terminal with a capacity of 80,000 tonnes.[4] A groundbreaking ceremony for construction of unit 1 was held in December 2013.[5] Engineering, procurement and construction services for the new plant were to be provided by Maire Tecnimont SpA, Construtora Norberto Odebrecht S.A and Ingenieria Estrella SRL.[4]
In August 2014, the Dominican environment ministry Mimarena granted final environmental approval to the Punta Catalina project.[6][7]
In January 2015, CDEEE announced that construction was 19% complete.[8] In May 2015, CDEEE's Executive Vice President Rubén Jiménez Bichara said the plant would begin operating in the first quarter of 2017.[9] However, as of February 2017, construction was still only 72% complete, and completion of Units 1 and 2 had respectively been rescheduled for February 2018 and May 2018 due to financing issues.[10]
In November 2017, amidst ongoing scandals surrounding the plant's financing, representatives of CDEEE and Stanley Consulting (the firm tasked with overseeing bids for the Punta Catalina project) ratified an agreement to finish construction of the plant by the end of 2018.[11]
In April 2018, it was announced that construction was 89% complete[12] and that Unit 1 would begin trial operation within the next few months.[13] In September 2018, it was reported that the plant would enter commercial operation in December 2018.[14] In December 2018, it was reported that trial operations would begin in early 2019.[15][16]
In February 2019, Unit 1 began test operations, and both units were scheduled to be operating by May 2019.[17] In October 2019, test operations were still proceeding, and the plant was scheduled to be commissioned by the end of 2019.[18]
On February 13, 2020, Finance Minister Donald Guerero announced that the plant would be inaugurated on February 20, after which the government would attempt to sell a 50% stake in the plant.[19] On February 19, 2020, the Dominican Corporation of State Electric Companies (CDEEE) reported the inauguration of the plant was postponed due to the Electoral Regime Law, which prohibits the inauguration of government works in the 40 days before municipal elections and the 60 days before congressional and presidential elections.[20]
On March 18, 2020, one of the two 376-MW units was reportedly operating. An inauguration ceremony for both units had been scheduled for the day before but was cancelled due to restrictions on public gatherings imposed as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.[2] Unit 1 was taken offline on April 15, 2020 due to a hydrogen leak but was returned to service after two weeks.[21]
Unit 2 was commissioned on May 1, 2020.[21] The Dominican government, citing unfavorable conditions brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic, announced that their plan to sell a 50% stake in the plant would be put on hold until after presidential elections scheduled for July 2020.[16][22]
In 2021, the Punta Catalina plant remained the Dominican Republic's largest power generator despite technical failures and supply chain issues.[23] In January 2021, Unit 2 went offline temporarily due to boiler damage.[24] In early February CDEEE announced they would be accepting letters of interest through the end of March 2021 for bidders to operate and maintain the plant.[25] During the first half of 2022, Punta Catalina's Unit 1 remained out of service for several weeks as maintenance work was hindered by materials and equipment shortages.[23]
In November 2022, a top official at Punta Catalina noted that the plant was operating at more than 90% of its capacity, and clarified that there were no plans to sell or privatize the plant.[26]
In April 2023, it was reported that the Dominican government had created a new company, Empresa de Generación Eléctrica Punta Catalina (EGEPC), that would maintain ownership and administration of the power plant as a fully state-owned Public Limited Company (SA). [27]
Proposed solar power addition
Reporting in September 2023 indicated that 41 MW worth of solar powered generating capacity would be installed at the Punta Catalina power station by the end of 2024.[28] Earlier in 2023, the Dominican government had issued a report noting the need to diversify the energy generation matrix and maintain insurance against the fiscal risk of fluctuating hydrocarbon fuel prices.[29]
Proposed early coal retirement
In February 2024, climate change activists and environmental law groups continued to lobby for the early retirement of the coal-fired units at Punta Catalina power station. In the proposed scenario, the coal units would be retired in 2026 and 2028 and subsequently be replaced by renewable energy.[30]
Environmental impact
In December 2015 local organizations and individuals filed for an injunction in the Superior Administrative Court to halt construction of the Punta Catalina plant, citing violation of Environment and Natural Resources Law 64-00 which stipulates that any project that affects adjacent areas must first have an environmental license.[31] According to a statement issued by the plaintiffs, "It's the judge's duty to protect the inhabitants of the communities near coal plants from the effects of 174,000 tons of ash and 14,000 tons of slag per year produced by these plants as waste from burning coal; 30 tons of nitrogen dioxide and 30 tons of sulfur dioxide per day to be spewed into the atmosphere, and numerous heavy metal micro-particles."[32]
Namphi Rodriguez, a prominent attorney specializing in constitutional law, asserted that the power of attorney from president Danilo Medina, which was used by the plant builders to authorize the project, violated the Constitution and the Public Procurement Law by ignoring calls for tenders and adherence to principles of transparency, objectivity, equality, and publicity. Rodriguez characterized the authorization as a "vile process."[33]
Environmental groups remain strongly opposed to the Punta Catalina coal plant. In a November 2017 initiative timed to coincide with the UN Conference on Climate Change, several environmental organizations called for the Dominican government to abandon the coal-fired plant in favor of a natural gas-fired plant, citing concerns about the coal project's tainted history and its potential negative impact on Dominican agriculture.[34]
In June 2020, the Dominican newspaper Diario Libre published an exposé on conditions at Punta Catalina's open-air ash disposal facility, which is located 2 kilometers northwest of the plant. According to the article, waste fly ash from the plant has been accumulating more quickly than originally envisioned, in part due to a reduction in demand for ash from the local cement industry due to the coronavirus pandemic. The environmental group Comité Nacional de Lucha contra el Cambio Climático has warned that the rapidly accumulating ash poses a potential environmental and health catastrophe.[35]
In December 2020, Dominican Minister of Energy and Mines Antonio Almonte confirmed that the Punta Catalina plant's ash disposal facility had been mismanaged during its first several months of operation, and that a full report would be forthcoming in January 2021. A representative for the new administration that has overseen plant operations since mid-August 2020 reported that a significant cleanup operation was underway, and dismissed as unfeasible suggestions that the plant should close down, given the fact that Punta Catalina produces 25% to 30% of the Dominican Republic's electricity.[36]
In March 2021, Duke University released a study confirming that high levels of toxic heavy metals were found in the coal ash from the plant, including arsenic and selenium.[37]
In June 2022, a study undertaken by the Dominican government with support from CREA (the Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air) reported that the Punta Catalina plant had negative environmental and health impacts on multiple Caribbean nations, including the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Cuba and Jamaica. The study estimated that Punta Catalina's toxic emissions - including nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, coal ash, mercury, acids and particulate matter - were responsible for significant numbers of illnesses, disabilities and premature deaths in the region.[38][39][40][41] In response, the owners of the Punta Catalina plant issued a press release taking issue with many of the report's findings.[42]
In November 2022, three Dominican environmental groups, with the support of five international organizations, released a report calling for the Punta Catalina plant to be shut down due to its dangerous levels of mercury emissions and other adverse environmental impacts.[43][44]
In September 2023, a report by the International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH) also called for the closure of the Punta Catalina power station by 2028. Since the plant was commissioned in 2020, FIDH reported that there have been repeated violations of air pollution standards due to faults at the plant, poor performance, and coal ash disposal. FIDH argued that pollution from the plant "creates an unsafe and adverse environment for children to survive, grow properly and develop to their full potential".[45]
Coal Source
US-based company XcoalEnergy supplied 462,000 metric tons of coal to the Punta Catalina power plant during its test phase, beginning in October 2018.[46]
Funding scandals (2015-2020)
On December 30, 2015, a pool of European banks disbursed US$200 million in construction funds. According to Ruben Jimenez, the chief executive officer of CDEEE, the US$200 million was the first disbursement of a total US$632.5 million. The pool included Société Générale (France), Banco Santander (Spain), ING Bank (Netherlands), Unicredit (Italy), and Deutsche Bank (Germany).[47] A loan guarantee was provided by Sace, Italy's export credit agency.[48]
However, the contract with European banks was dependent on a related loan agreed with the National Bank for Economic and Social Development of Brazil (BNDES) to co-finance the project, and as of May 2016 this money had not been received due to corruption allegations in Brazil. Under the contract with the European Banks the initial payment received by the Government of the Dominican Republic should have been returned by 31 March 2016.[49]
In January 2016, the CEO of CDEEE, Ruben Bichara, stated that construction contractors had laid off as many as 2,000 workers at the project, with work reduced by 98 percent. Bichara promised that the new funding would materialize in a few weeks.[50]
In February 2016, the Dominican NGO CNLCC (National Committee to Combat Climate Change) asked Justice minister Francisco Dominguez to immediately open an investigation into the ties between the allegedly inflated costs of the coal-fired plant at Punta Catalina, the Brazilian contractor Odebrecht and political adviser João Santana. CNLCC said the Dominican government planned to use US$600 million of employee pension fund money in order to help finance the plant. The Dominican government was forced to initiate the pension fund move owing to the inability of the Brazilian National Development Bank (BNDES) to disburse needed co-financing for the project, a result of Brazil's ongoing corruption investigations into Odebrecht, the company awarded the Punta Catalina construction contract.[49]
In October 2016, with construction still stalled, the Dominican government announced plans to raise new funds for Punta Catalina through the sale of $1 billion in stock and $600 million in government securities[51], and press reports indicated that companies from the United States, Europe and Asia were interested in investing in the project.[52] The bonds were issued in late 2016, and construction resumed.
In February 2017, a U.S. court discovered that Brazilian firm Odebrecht, the main construction contractor, had paid $92 million in bribes to Dominican officials between 2001 and 2014, as a means of securing a number of contracts, including the contract to build the Punta Catalina plant. At that point, it was clear that the National Bank for Economic and Social Development loan had been cancelled due to corruption.[10][53] The corruption case has become one of the biggest in Brazilian history, with Odebrecht accused of paying $3.3 billion in bribes between 2006 and 2014.[54]
In May 2017, several Dominican government officials, including former public works minister Victor Diaz Rua and Dominican trade minister Temístocles Montás, were arrested in conjunction with the Odebrecht bribery scandal.[55][56]
At the AGMs of Deutsche Bank and Société Générale in May 2017, the CEOs of both banks publicly assured NGO campaigners that their institutions would adopt a 'zero tolerance' approach should conclusive proof emerge about the use of corrupt practices by Odebrecht to advance the construction of the Punta Catalina project.[57] In May 2018, Deutsche Bank announced that the pool of European banks responsible for the original offer of US$632.5 million in financing for Punta Catalina had definitively cancelled all future loan disbursements.[58] In July 2018, ING sold its loan stake in the project as a result of the corruption allegations. Critical questions had been raised in the Dutch parliament at the end of 2017 concerning ING's participation in the project.[59]
In June 2017, after opposition politicians challenged the legality of the US$600 million in bonds issued in late 2016 to pay for continued construction, a Dominican senator found it necessary to emphasize that the bonds were "completely legal."[60][61] The final proceeds of the bond issue raised for completion of the power plant were US$500 million.[62]
In June 2019, it was reported that leaked internal documents from Odebrecht had revealed over US$39 million in previously secret payments between December 2013 and December 2014 associated with the Punta Catalina coal plant. In December 2016 Odebrecht admitted that it had paid US$92 million in bribes in the Dominican Republic but the recipients weren’t disclosed. However, two government-initiated investigations cleared the project of any wrongdoing. The new documents have revealed 62 payments totalling over US$39 million which were listed in an Odebrecht records as related to a “Planta Termo”, or “Thermoelectric Plant”. Civil society groups in the Dominican Republic accused President Danilo Medina of failing to properly investigate the payments associated with the plant, which was in the final stages of construction.[63][64]
At the time of Punta Catalina's commissioning in early 2020, development costs for the project had reached $2.34 billion vs. the $1.945 billion originally estimated.[65] In October 2020, Participación Ciudadana, the Dominican chapter of Transparency International, filed a complaint with the national attorney general's office questioning the legality of payments made by CDEEE to Odebrecht, Tecnimont S. P. A. and Ingeniería Estrella, S.R.L. in excess of the originally contracted amounts.[66][67]
Worker protests
In April 2019 workers seized control of parts of the plant in protest against their employer, the Odebrecht-Tecnimont-Estrella construction consortium, not paying bonuses.[68] In November 2020, another large protest was held at the plant to demand payment of residual benefits still due to the 12,000 workers laid off by Odebrecht in 2018.[69]
Opposition
On January 19, 2016, protestors stood in front of the Punta Catalina power plant, demanding the project to stop.[70]
Dominicans also held a mass protest march against the Punta Catalina plant, believing that it is a “case of high-level corruption” and “negatively impacts the local environment [and] human health.”[71]
On May 12, 2017, dozens of workers who work for the construction of the Punta Catalina plant held a protest demanding for better working conditions.[72]
In late May 2019, hundreds of current and former workers at the Punta Catalina coal plant held protests across the Dominican Republic to demand for owed salaries. The protestors believe that State Electric Utility (CDEEE), the group in charge of the coal plant, laid off workers without paying the salaries that they promised. The president of CDEEE, Danilo Medina, authorized limited salaries for workers as a result of the protest.[73]
On April 17, 2019, workers at the Punta Catalina power plant protested after they were told that they would not be receiving bonus salaries that they were promised. With the Punta Catalina plant being a part of the Dominican Republic’s Odebrecht corruption scandal, which was a bribery scheme across Latin America, protestors are demanding to know why they did not get paid bonuses.[74]
Articles and Resources
References
- ↑ "Tres empresas generadoras responsables de suplir casi el 60 % de la electricidad del país". Diario Libre. September 27, 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Punta Catalina saldrá por US$2,340.5 millones, El Dia, Mar. 18, 2020
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Central Termoeléctrica Punta Catalina". CDEEE (Corporación Dominicana de Empresas Eléctricas Estatales). Retrieved 2021-01-19.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ 4.0 4.1 "NEW AWARDS FOR USD 926 MN FOR MAIRE TECNIMONT". Maire Tecnimont. December 16, 2013.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ "Danilo asegura que trabaja para solucionar problemas eléctricos en tres años". Diario Libre. December 15, 2013.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ "Licencia Ambiental No. 0267-14". Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales. August 14, 2014.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ "Plantas ya tienen licencia ambiental". Listin Diario. August 28, 2014.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ "CDEEE anuncia plantas Punta Catalina están en 19% de avance,", El Caribe, January 27, 2015.
- ↑ "PERAVIA: Termoeléctrica Punta Catalina funcionará en primer trimestre de 2017,", Al Momento, May 26, 2015.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Punta Catalina, una mega construcción que avanza en contra viento, Diario Libre, 11 Feb. 2017.
- ↑ "Contract to finish Punta Catalina ratified at Iowa meeting", Dominican Today, 8 Nov 2017.
- ↑ Power plant in Dominican Republic’s biggest scandal over 89% done, Dominican Today, Apr. 25, 2018
- ↑ Obras de central Punta Catalina entran en fases de terminación, Listin Diario, Apr. 30, 2018
- ↑ Dirección de Punta Catalina inicia proceso para entrar al mercado de valores, El Dinero, Sep. 27, 2018
- ↑ 38,516 metric tons of coal arrive for Punta Catalina Power Plant, Dominican Today, Dec. 10, 2018
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 "Acuerdo evitaría se penalice a Punta Catalina por su no interconexión al SENI". Diario Libre. December 10, 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ Punta Catalina Thermoelectric Plant starts generating energy, OEC, Mar. 1, 2019
- ↑ Presidente Danilo Medina deja sincronizada la segunda unidad de Punta Catalina, El Dia, Oct. 16, 2019
- ↑ Punta Catalina será inaugurada el día 20, El Dia, Feb. 20, 2020
- ↑ Postponement of the Punta Catalina Thermoelectric Power Plant, El Caribe, Feb. 19, 2020
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 Luego de 14 días, unidad 1 de Punta Catalina entra al sistema eléctrico, Listin Diario, May 4, 2020
- ↑ "Pandemic halts sale of major Dominican power plant". DominicanToday. May 6, 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ 23.0 23.1 "Extienden hasta el 30 de mayo el mantenimiento de Unidad 1 de Punta Catalina". Diario Libre. May 11, 2022.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ "BNamericas - Dominican Republic seeks operator for countr..." BNamericas.com. Retrieved 2021-06-16.
- ↑ "CONVOCATORIA PRESENTACION Y MANIFESTACION DE INTERES CENTRAL TERMOELECTRICA PUNTA CATALINA" (PDF). CDEEE. February 2021.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ "Celso Marranzini: "Punta Catalina dejará US$200 millones en beneficios al Estado este año"". El Día. November 27, 2022.
- ↑ "Gobierno crea la Empresa de Generación Eléctrica Punta Catalina". Diario Libre. April 4, 2023.
- ↑ Empresa Punta Catalina expandirá generación con otros 41 megavatios, El Día, September 28, 2023
- ↑ PROYECTO DE LEY DE PRESUPUESTO GENERAL DEL ESTADO 2023, Government of the Dominican Republic, 2023
- ↑ Dicen Punta Catalina ha comenzado a sustituir el carbón por energía solar, El Día, February 20, 2024
- ↑ "Dominican groups seek injunction against coal-fired plants," Dominican Today, Dec 3, 2015
- ↑ "Groups take Govt. to court over coal plants," Dominican Today, January 18, 2016
- ↑ "'Vile process' in power plants points to more Dominican govt. corruption," Dominican Today, January 14, 2016
- ↑ "Environmentalists want Punta Catalina power plant converted to natural gas," Dominican Today, November 15, 2017
- ↑ "La meseta de cenizas de Punta Catalina que deja la pandemia". Diario Libre. June 14, 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ "Autoridades del sector eléctrico presentarán en enero el "desastre" encontrado en Punta Catalina". Diario Libre. December 29, 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ "High Levels of Toxic Metals Found in Coal Ash from Dominican Republic Power Plant". Nicholas School of the Environment. Retrieved 2021-06-16.
- ↑ "Estudio revela se producirán cinco muertes cada año a causa de los efectos contaminantes de Punta Catalina". Listín Diario. June 20, 2022.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ "Alta contaminación". El Nacional. June 21, 2022.
- ↑ "Estudio revela que Punta Catalina contamina la isla y las costas de Cuba y Jamaica". Noticias SIN. June 20, 2022.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ "El desastre ambiental causado por una termoeléctrica en República Dominicana provocará muertes en Cuba". Diario de Cuba. June 25, 2022.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ "Frente a un Debate Bizantino sobre Punta Catalina". Central Termoeléctrica Punta Catalina. June 21, 2022.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ "Estudio recomienda cierre Punta Catalina por graves impactos". Hoy Digital. November 29, 2022.
- ↑ "Contaminación de mercurio de Punta Catalina amenaza la salud de la población de la provincia Peravia". Acento. December 9, 2022.
- ↑ "Punta Catalina Thermoelectric Power Plant, body of the crime: violations of children’s rights in the Dominican Republic and the Caribbean," International Federation for Human Rights, September 2023
- ↑ US-based company to supply coal for Punta Catalina power plant, Dominican Today, Oct. 3, 2018
- ↑ "Preview of Punta Catalina Coal-Fired Power Plant (674.78MW) | Transaction | IJGlobal". ijglobal.com. Retrieved 2020-10-07.
- ↑ "European banks disburse US$200M for coal-fired plants," Dominican Today, January 5, 2016
- ↑ 49.0 49.1 "European banks warned over raid on pension funds to finance disputed coal plant in Dominican Republic," BankTrack, May 27, 2016
- ↑ "Top Dominican official admits coal plants 98% halted," Dominican Today, January 15, 2016
- ↑ "Gobierno busca forma de financiar Punta Catalina,", Listin Diario, October 19, 2016.
- ↑ "A inversores extranjeros les interesa Punta Catalina,", Listin Diario, October 2, 2016.
- ↑ Odebrecht scandal turns toward the Punta Catalina power plant, Dominican Today, 23 Mar. 2017.
- ↑ Brazil's Odebrecht paid $3.3 billion in bribes over a decade: reports, Reuters, 15 Apr. 2017.
- ↑ "Dominican Republic arrests officials in Odebrecht bribery probe", Reuters, May 29, 2017.
- ↑ "Dominican Republic Arrests 12 in Odebrecht Corruption Scandal", OCCRP, May 30, 2017.
- ↑ Greig Aitken, Punta Catalina – the coal plant project that keeps on giving ... a headache to European banks, BankTrack, Jul. 31. 2017.
- ↑ "Environmentalists chalk up a win over coal-fired power plant". Dominican Today. June 11, 2018.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ ING stops financing new coal power plant in Dominican Republic, BankTrack press release, Aug. 1. 2018.
- ↑ Senador Adriano Sánchez defiende termoeléctrica Punta Catalina, TRA Noticias, 14 Jun. 2017
- ↑ Opositores critican colocación de bonos para terminar la termoeléctrica de Punta Catalina, Informativos Tele Antillas, 14 Jun. 2017.
- ↑ Dominican Rep. US$500M bond aims to finish embattled power plant, Dominican Today, Jun. 13. 2017.
- ↑ Leak Exposes Millions Of Dollars In New Payments In Odebrecht Cash-For-Contracts Scandal, International Consortium of Investigative Journalists, Jun. 25, 2019
- ↑ ‘This must be immediately investigated’, International Consortium of Investigative Journalists, Jun. 27, 2019
- ↑ "Punta Catalina: el largo y tormentoso camino de una costosa obra". Diario Libre. April 27, 2020.
- ↑ "Participación Ciudadana pide a la Procuraduría investigar precio pagado por Punta Catalina". Diario Libre. October 15, 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ "Participación Ciudadana dice que es ilegal el "acuerdo marco" sobre pagos por Punta Catalina". Diario Libre. October 22, 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ Workers protest union in Punta Catalina, CDN, Apr. 17, 2019
- ↑ "Trabajadores protestarán frente a Punta Catalina en reclamo de prestaciones laborales". Diario Libre. November 8, 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ "Twitter Post," Aris Beltre, translated by Google, 19 Jan. 2016
- ↑ "Punta Catalina-Hatillo coal power plant," BankTrack, 2020
- ↑ "Twitter Post," Noticias SIN, translated by Google, 12 May. 2017
- ↑ "Utility bows to protests, will play power plant workers," Dominican Today, 23 May. 2019
- ↑ "Worker in Dominican Republic's Punta Catalina Hold Protest Following No Bonus Pay," Latino Rebels, 17 Apr. 2019
Additional data
To access additional data, including an interactive map of coal-fired power stations, a downloadable dataset, and summary data, please visit the Global Coal Plant Tracker on the Global Energy Monitor website.
