Cambodia and fossil gas
As of 2023, Cambodia has a population of 16.9 million. [1] The country's GDP growth was 5.2% in 2022 and is forecasted to be 5.5% in 2023 and 6% in 2024. [2]
Fossil Gas in the Fuel Mix
Gas consumption in Cambodia is almost negligible. The country does not have any gas power plants.[3]
The total electric power installed capacity is 3,464.67 MW, consisting primarily of hydropower (38.44%), coal (29.58%), and fuel oil (18.55%).[4] Total electricity generation was 10,312.85 GWh in 2022. An additional 5142.66 GWh was imported from Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam. [4]
In an effort to diversify energy sources, the government of Cambodia announced in 2020 that no new hydropower dams would be developed on the Mekong River for the next 10 years.[5]
According to Cambodia’s Power Development Plan (2022-2040), the country aims to generate 3,600MW of power from LNG plants by 2030.[6]
The industrial sector also has the potential for gas usage as fuel.[7]
In its updated Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) submitted in December 2020, Cambodia committed to an emissions reduction target of 41.7% by 2030 compared to business as usual.[8]
Fossil Gas Production, Imports, and Transportation
Cambodia does not produce fossil gas as of 2023. The country has six offshore blocks and nineteen onshore blocks for oil and gas exploration.[9] In late 2020, KrisEnergy extracted oil for the first time from offshore Block A in the Gulf of Cambodia.[10]
Cambodia Natural Gas Corp. Ltd. (CNGC) has a 15-year plan from 2020 to 2034, divided into three five-year phases, that outlines investments and construction of gas infrastructure in the country. These plans include building an LNG receiving terminal, 27 urban LNG multi-function stations, an LNG trucking fleet, and 2,825km of pipelines to supply 25 provinces and cities.[11][7]
CNGC's Phase I plan, including the build-out of pipelines into the inland city of Phnom Penh city, was delayed due to pandemic disruptions. CNGC plans to introduce LNG in commercial sectors, such as hotels and restaurants, and eventually industrial and power sectors.[7] In October 2020, a senior official from the Ministry of Mines and Energy indicated that the feasibility study for CNGC's receiving terminal, LNG pipeline, re-gasification plant, and trucking network had been delayed due to COVID-19.[12]
Currently, CNGC is the only buyer in Cambodia with an LNG import license.[13] In January 2020, Cambodia received its first import of LNG from the Chinese firm CNOOC.[14] Approximately 83 mt of International Organization for Standardization (ISO) tank LNG from China was delivered via container ship in January; however, no further deliveries were made due to COVID-19 disruptions.[7] Until CNGC rents or purchases an FSRU, ISO tank imports are Cambodia's only short-term gas supply option.[13] According to CNGC, the imported LNG was meant to be used in households at a residential estate in Phnom Penh city, where LNG outperformed LPG. [7]
In April 2016, the Cambodian government permitted Petrochemicals Refinery Ltd. to conduct two feasibility studies to explore constructing a network of oil and gas pipelines across Cambodia. The first pipeline would be an offshore oil pipeline from the Gulf of Thailand to the Preah Sihanouk province. The second onshore pipeline would run across seven provinces: Preah Sihanouk, Kampong Speu, Phnom Penh, Battambang, Siem Reap, Kampong Cham, and Kandal.[15]
Government Agencies and Other Key Players in Gas Sector
Cambodia Natural Gas Corp. Ltd. (CNGC), established in 2015, is the country's primary gas operator. CNGC holds 30-year franchise rights for gas development in Cambodia.[16]
Since Cambodia's oil and gas industry is at the earliest stage of development, the country has been receiving a lot of investment interest from foreign companies. Singapore-based Kris Energy constructed Cambodia's first offshore oil platform and is currently developing Block A of the Apsara oilfield in the Gulf of Thailand's Cambodian water.[17] A Canadian company, Angkor Resources, is the only resource company in the country to receive approval from the Royal Government of Cambodia for oil and gas claims.[18] Mubadala Petroleum, a United Arab Emirates company, has also stated its interest in investing in Cambodia's oil and gas sector.[19]
Articles and Resources
References
- ↑ "World Population Dashboard". UNFPA. 2023.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ van (2022-08-10). "Cambodia: Economy". Asian Development Bank. Retrieved 2023-06-23.
- ↑ "Cambodia's Latest Energy Plan to Bring in More National Gas Power Plants". Construction & Property News. 2020-11-19. Retrieved 2021-01-26.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Salient Feature of Power Sector for 2022". Electricity Authority of Cambodia.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ "Cambodia Announces Ten Year Moratorium On New Mekong Dams". OOSKAnews. 2020-03-24. Retrieved 2021-01-27.
- ↑ "Asean's natural gas demand to double by 2050 - Khmer Times". Khmer Times - Insight into Cambodia. 2023-03-07. Retrieved 2023-06-23.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 "Analysis: COVID-19 delays Cambodia's LNG ambitions after initial imports from China | S&P Global Platts". www.spglobal.com. 2020-10-01. Retrieved 2021-01-27.
- ↑ "Updated NDC - Kingdom of Cambodia" (PDF). UNFCCC. 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ Strangio, Sebastian. "Cambodia Announces Game-Changing Crude Oil Extraction". thediplomat.com. Retrieved 2021-01-26.
- ↑ Kunmakara, May. "Cambodia extracts 'first drop of oil', marking start of production". www.phnompenhpost.com. Retrieved 2021-01-26.
- ↑ "Business Investment Opportunity with CNGC - CAMBODIAN NATURAL GAS CORP., LTD". www.cngc-kh.com. Retrieved 2021-01-26.
- ↑ "Liquefied natural gas plans up in the air thanks to Coronavirus". Khmer Times. 2020-10-12. Retrieved 2021-01-26.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 "China launches small-scale LNG exports to Cambodia: Is there room for growth?". IHS Markit. 2020-03-19. Retrieved 2021-01-27.
- ↑ "Cambodia imports liquefied natural gas from China - China.org.cn". www.china.org.cn. Retrieved 2021-01-26.
- ↑ Staff, Post. "Firm to study proposed gas pipeline routes". www.phnompenhpost.com. Retrieved 2021-01-26.
- ↑ "About Us > CNGC Profile - CAMBODIAN NATURAL GAS CORP., LTD". www.cngc-kh.com. Retrieved 2021-01-26.
- ↑ "KrisEnergy begins production from Cambodia's first offshore oilfield". www.offshore-technology.com. Retrieved 2021-01-26.
- ↑ "Angkor Receives Approval for Cambodian Oil and Gas Concession | INN". Investing News Network. 2019-08-13. Retrieved 2021-01-26.
- ↑ Vireak, Thou. "UAE firm sets sight on oil in Kingdom". www.phnompenhpost.com. Retrieved 2021-01-26.
