Crystal River Energy Complex
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Crystal River Energy Complex is an operating power station of at least 3448-megawatts (MW) in Crystal River, Citrus, Florida, United States with multiple units, some of which are not currently operating.
Location
Table 1: Project-level location details
| Plant name | Location | Coordinates (WGS 84) |
|---|---|---|
| Crystal River Energy Complex | Crystal River, Citrus, Florida, United States | 28.957031, -82.700583 (exact) |
The map below shows the exact location of the power station.
Unit-level coordinates (WGS 84):
- CC1, CC2, Unit 1, Unit 2, Unit 4, Unit 5: 28.957031, -82.700583
Project Details
Table 2: Unit-level details
| Unit name | Status | Fuel(s) | Capacity (MW) | Technology | CHP | Start year | Retired year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CC1 | Operating[1] | fossil gas: natural gas[1] | 985[1] | combined cycle[1] | no[1] | 2018[1] | – |
| CC2 | Operating[1] | fossil gas: natural gas[1] | 985[1] | combined cycle[1] | no[1] | 2018[1] | – |
| Unit 1 | Retired | coal: bituminous | 440.5 | subcritical | – | 1966 | 2018 |
| Unit 2 | Retired | coal: bituminous | 523.8 | subcritical | – | 1969 | 2018 |
| Unit 4 | Operating | coal: bituminous | 739.2 | subcritical | – | 1982 | 2034 (planned)[2] |
| Unit 5 | Operating | coal: bituminous | 739.2 | subcritical | – | 1984 | 2034 (planned)[2] |
CHP is an abbreviation for Combined Heat and Power. It is a technology that produces electricity and thermal energy at high efficiencies. Coal units track this information in the Captive Use section when known.
Table 3: Unit-level ownership and operator details
| Unit name | Owner | Parent |
|---|---|---|
| CC1 | Duke Energy Florida LLC [100%] | Duke Energy Corp [100.0%] |
| CC2 | Duke Energy Florida LLC [100%] | Duke Energy Corp [100.0%] |
| Unit 1 | Duke Energy Florida LLC [100%] | Duke Energy Corp [100.0%] |
| Unit 2 | Duke Energy Florida LLC [100%] | Duke Energy Corp [100.0%] |
| Unit 4 | Duke Energy Florida LLC [100%] | Duke Energy Corp [100.0%] |
| Unit 5 | Duke Energy Florida LLC [100%] | Duke Energy Corp [100.0%] |
Project-level coal details
- Coal source(s): Omni Coal Buckhorn 2 Mine; Resource Energy; Alpha Coal Roxana and Pioneer Prep Plants; Arch Coal Kentucky River Loading; James River Coal 76 Plant; Fork Creek 1 Mine
Background
In December 2008, Progress Energy Florida announced it will close two of the state's worst polluting coal-fired generators when its new Levy County nuclear plant is up and running in 2020. The company said the closure of two units at its Crystal River Energy Complex represents the equivalent of removing 830,000 vehicles from Florida's roads. The decision follows months of talks with state officials, including Gov. Charlie Crist and Department of Environmental Protection Secretary Michael W. Sole, said Progress Energy Florida chief executive Jeff Lyash. Crist has hoped to reduce state carbon dioxide emissions to the 1990 level by 2025. The scheduled closure of the two Crystal River plants means the company would be 60 percent of the way toward the governor's goal, according to Progress Energy officials. Independent studies have listed the two coal plants among the nation's top 50 polluters.[3]
The energy created by the two Crystal River coal plants, which opened in 1966 and 1969, will be replaced by the new nuclear plant set to be built at a cost of $17-billion in Levy County. Two coal-fired power generators will remain in operation at the Citrus County site, as will a nuclear reactor. Progress Energy will spend $1.3-billion installing air emission-reduction equipment at the two remaining coal-fired plants. Early in 2007, Progress Energy won approval to raise bills 25 percent starting in January to pay for higher 2008 fuel costs and for early costs of the $17-billion nuclear project. The nuclear charge will add about $13 a month to the bill of the average residential customer, about 10 percent more.[3]
Coal to natural gas
A new 1,640-megawatt CCGT plant is planned to be built on 400 acres of land adjacent to the company’s Crystal River complex and would start producing electricity in 2018. Two coal-fired units at Crystal River, units 1 and 2 totaling 964.3 MW, are expected to be shut down that same year.[4]
The gas plant was completed in November 2018, and the coal-fired units retired at the end of December 2018.[5]
Retirement plans
Duke Energy had Crystal River coal-fired Units 4 and 5 slated for retirement in 2034.[6]
Emissions Data
- 2006 CO2 Emissions: 16,026,758 tons
- 2006 SO2 Emissions: 95,548 tons
- 2006 SO2 Emissions per MWh:
- 2006 NOx Emissions: 35,412 tons
- 2005 Mercury Emissions: 550 lb.
Death and disease attributable to fine particle pollution from the Crystal River Energy Complex
In 2010, Abt Associates issued a study commissioned by the Clean Air Task Force, a nonprofit research and advocacy organization, quantifying the deaths and other health effects attributable to fine particle pollution from coal-fired power plants.[7] The study found that over 13,000 deaths and tens of thousands of cases of chronic bronchitis, acute bronchitis, asthma-related episodes and asthma-related emergency room visits, congestive heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, dysrhythmia, ischemic heart disease, chronic lung disease, peneumonia each year are attributable to fine particle pollution from U.S. coal-fired power plants. Fine particle pollution is formed from a combination of soot, acid droplets, and heavy metals formed from sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, and soot. Among those particles, the most dangerous are the smallest (smaller than 2.5 microns), which are so tiny that they can evade the lung's natural defenses, enter the bloodstream, and be transported to vital organs. Impacts are especially severe among the elderly, children, and those with respiratory disease. Low-income and minority populations are disproportionately impacted as well, due to the tendency of companies to avoid locating power plants upwind of affluent communities.
The table below estimates the death and illness attributable to the Crystal River Energy Complex. Abt assigned a value of $7,300,000 to each 2010 mortality, based on a range of government and private studies. Valuations of illnesses ranged from $52 for an asthma episode to $440,000 for a case of chronic bronchitis.[8]
Table 1: Death and disease attributable to fine particle pollution from the Crystal River Energy Complex
| Type of Impact | Annual Incidence | Valuation |
|---|---|---|
| Deaths | 76 | $560,000,000 |
| Heart attacks | 100 | $11,000,000 |
| Asthma attacks | 1,100 | $60,000 |
| Hospital admissions | 54 | $1,300,000 |
| Chronic bronchitis | 44 | $19,000,000 |
| Asthma ER visits | 69 | $26,000 |
Source: "Find Your Risk from Power Plant Pollution," Clean Air Task Force interactive table, accessed February 2011
Citizen groups
- Big Bend Climate Action Team
- Conservancy of Southwest Florida
- Environment Florida
- Florida Wildlife Federation
- Save It Now, Glades
- Sierra Club Florida Chapter
Articles and Resources
References
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 https://web.archive.org/web/20200612191408/https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860m/archive/xls/november_generator2019.xlsx. Archived from the original on 12 June 2020.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ↑ 2.0 2.1 (PDF) https://p-micro.duke-energy.com/impact/-/media/pdfs/our-company/esg/2023-impact-report.pdf?rev=7b7bcad8db084cd5b92b2ff123bd08c2.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ↑ 3.0 3.1 Aaron Sharockman, "Progress Energy to close two coal-fired generators in 2020" St. Petersburg Times, Dec. 19, 2008.
- ↑ Jim Saunders, "Duke Energy Florida plans to scrap coal power plants, switch to natural gas," News Service of Florida Wed, May 14, 2014
- ↑ Heather Danenhower, "Coal-fired units to retire this month," Chronicle, Dec 17, 2018
- ↑ "2023 Duke Energy Impact Report," Duke Energy, April 24, 2024
- ↑ "The Toll from Coal: An Updated Assessment of Death and Disease from America's Dirtiest Energy Source," Clean Air Task Force, September 2010.
- ↑ "Technical Support Document for the Powerplant Impact Estimator Software Tool," Prepared for the Clean Air Task Force by Abt Associates, July 2010
Additional data
To access additional data, including interactive maps of the power stations, downloadable datasets, and summary data, please visit the Global Coal Plant Tracker and the Global Oil and Gas Plant Tracker on the Global Energy Monitor website.
