Duyen Hai Power Generation Complex

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Duyen Hai Power Generation Complex is an operating power station of at least 4378-megawatts (MW) in Dan Thanh, Duhen Hai, Tra Vinh, Vietnam.

Location

Table 1: Project-level location details

Plant name	Location	Coordinates (WGS 84)
Duyen Hai Power Generation Complex	Dan Thanh, Duhen Hai, Tra Vinh, Vietnam	9.58517, 106.52809 (exact)

The map below shows the exact location of the power station.

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Unit-level coordinates (WGS 84):

• Unit 1-1, Unit 1-2, Unit 2-1, Unit 2-2, Unit 3 Extension, Unit 3-1, Unit 3-2: 9.58517, 106.52809

Project Details

Table 2: Unit-level details

Unit name	Status	Fuel(s)	Capacity (MW)	Technology	Start year
Unit 1-1	operating	coal: bituminous	622.5	subcritical	2015
Unit 1-2	operating	coal: bituminous	622.5	subcritical	2015
Unit 2-1	operating	coal: bituminous	600	unknown	2021
Unit 2-2	operating	coal: bituminous	600	unknown	2021
Unit 3 Extension	operating	coal: unknown	688	supercritical	2020
Unit 3-1	operating	coal: bituminous	622.5	supercritical	2017
Unit 3-2	operating	coal: bituminous	622.5	supercritical	2017

Table 3: Unit-level ownership and operator details

Unit name	Owner	Parent
Unit 1-1	Vietnam Electricity LLC [100%]	Vietnam Electricity LLC [100.0%]
Unit 1-2	Vietnam Electricity LLC [100%]	Vietnam Electricity LLC [100.0%]
Unit 2-1	Malakoff Technical Solutions Sdn Bhd [100%]	Malakoff Corporation Bhd [100.0%]
Unit 2-2	Malakoff Technical Solutions Sdn Bhd [100%]	Malakoff Corporation Bhd [100.0%]
Unit 3 Extension	Vietnam Electricity LLC [100%]	Vietnam Electricity LLC [100.0%]
Unit 3-1	Vietnam Electricity LLC [100%]	Vietnam Electricity LLC [100.0%]
Unit 3-2	Vietnam Electricity LLC [100%]	Vietnam Electricity LLC [100.0%]

Project-level coal details

• Coal source(s): imported

Background

The planned power plant complex would be made up of three separate coal-fired power plants: Duyên Hải 1, 2, and 3. The first two are made up of two units each, and the third is made up of three units.

In April 2013, construction began on a US$280 million coal seaport, the Duyen Hai coal port, for the power complex. The seaport is being built by China Communications Construction, and is expected to be completed in late 2015; it will be capable of handling 12 million tons of coal per year for consumption at the complex's three power plants.

Duyên Hải-1

The 1,245-MW Duyên Hải-1 is a project of Vietnam Electricity Group (the successor company of the state-owned power monopoly). The construction contractor is the Chinese company Dongfeng Group, and the plant will cost $1.6 billion. Duyên Hải-1 broke ground in Sept. 2010. The two 622-MW units are both expected to enter service in July 2015.

Unit 1 was successfully brought online in January 2015, and Unit 2 in April 2015. The plant entered into commercial operation in June 2015.

(The revised Power Development Plan VII lists Unit 1 at 600 MW with an operating year of 2014, and Unit 2 at 600 MW with an operating year of 2015.)

Financing for Duyên Hải-1

In October 2011, financing for Duyên Hải-1 was closed. US$1.08 billion in loans was provided by Société Générale, BNP Paribas, Bank of China, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, and China ExIm Bank.

Duyên Hải-2

The 1,200-MW Duyên Hải-2 is a project of the Malaysian company Teknik Janakuasa, a subsidiary of the MMC Corporation Berhad, and will cost $2.2 billion. In April 2011, Janakuasa signed Chinese company Huadian Engineering to take the lead in construction. In 2009, Janakuasa stated that construction would begin in 2010-11, and the plant would be completed in 2014; however, several years of delays apparently followed.

In December 2014, Janakuasa and the Vietnamese government reached preliminary agreement on a build-operate-transfer (BOT) contract to build the plant. The project still needs an investment license to proceed. The current plan is for completion in 2020.

Duyên Hải-2 was permitted in September 2015. Alstom will join Teknik Janakuasa as the main equipment supplier.

Construction of Duyên Hải-2 began in August 2016. It would cover an area of 60 hectares and was estimated at US$2.2 billion. It was planned for operation in 2021.

In June 2019, the completion date for Unit 2 was delayed to 2022 in the Ministry Of Industry And Trade's report on the implementation of the revised seventh Power Development Plan (PDP7).

In February 2020, the National Steering Committee on power development reported that construction was 58.71% complete and that Unit 1 was scheduled to be commissioned in June 2021 and Unit 2 in September 2021.

On March 6, 2020, it was reported that construction of Duyên Hải-2 would be impacted by COVID-19 and that its estimated completion date of 2021 might be delayed. In May 2020, it was reported that foreign workers for the plant were not being permitted to enter Vietnam from China due to Covid-19-related travel restrictions.

In July 2020, the project was reported to be 79.58% complete. In August 2021, it was reported that Unit 1 was commissioned in June 2021 and that Unit 2 had begun trial operations. Unit 2 was commissioned in December 2021.

In April 2024, Janakuasa signed an operation and maintenance contract with PECC2 for the remaining lifetime of Duyên Hải-2.

Financing for Duyên Hải-2

In June 2017, a US$1,760 million loan agreement was closed to finance the 1200-MW project. The loans will be provided by China Exim Bank and ICBC.

Duyên Hải-3 (2 x 622.5 MW) and Duyên Hải-3 Extension (660 MW)

The 1,245-MW Duyên Hải-3 is a project of Electricity of Vietnam (EVN). In August 2011, the engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) contract for Units 1 & 2 was awarded to a consortium of Chinese companies: Chengda Engineering, Dongfang Electric Corporation, the Southwest Electric Power Design Institute (SWEPDI) (a subsidiary of the China Energy Engineering Group), and Zhejiang Electric Power Construction. The project will cost $1.5 billion, and initial preparation work began in Sept. 2010. Construction began in December 2012. Completion of Unit 1 is scheduled for Q4 2015, and Unit 2 for Q2 2016.

In November 2014, the EPC contract was signed between EVN and Sumitomo Corporation for construction of the 660-MW, $890 million coal-fired Unit 3 of Duyên Hải-3 (called "Duyên Hải-3 Extension"). Construction began in December, and is scheduled to be completed by June 2018.

In March 2015, the Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) approved a US$410 million loan for the Duyên Hải-3 expansion. Additionally, a group of 10 private banks - Sumitomo Mitsui Trust Holdings, Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation, Gunma Bank, Joyo Bank, Hyakugo Bank, Iyo Bank, Chiba Bank, Bank of Fukuoka, Bank of Kyoto, and Hachijuni Bank - provided US$273.27 million in loans. Electricity of Vietnam Group (EVN) provided US$398.83 million in equity. The financing provided by the private banks was insured by Nippon Export and Investment Insurance.

Also in March 2015, Toshiba Corporation announced that it had been contracted to provide the turbine for Unit 3. In May 2015, Sumitomo contracted Black & Veatch as project technical lead in May 2015.

In April 2015, state utility Vietnam Electricity Group secured a syndicated loan worth US$214 million for Duyen Hai 3 from three domestic lenders: VietinBank, BIDV, and Vietcombank.

The revised Power Development Plan VII lists Phase 3 Unit 1 at 600 MW with a 2016 completion date, Unit 2 at 600 MW with a 2017 completion, and the Extension at 660 MW with a completion of 2019.

Commissioning of unit 1 began in September 2016, with full operation planned by December 2016. Trial operation began December 2016.

Unit 1 entered commercial operation in March 2017, and Unit 2 in April 2017. A completion date for the extension unit is unknown.

Duyên Hải-3 Extension will use supercritical combustion technology.

In March 2018 a fire broke out at the unit 3 construction site and destroyed 70% of a flue gas desulfurisation tower that was under construction.

In August 2018 an audit of the Duyên Hải-3 project found that EVN had underestimated the project's cost by 8.8 billion Vietnamese Dong (VND).

Duyên Hải-3 Extension began test operations in November 2019 and was scheduled to be commissioned in Q1 2020. Duyên Hải-3 Extension was commissioned in May 2020.

As of December 2022, Duyên Hải-3 was experiencing chronic shutdowns and standby periods. In October 2023, an overhaul of Duyên Hải-3 Unit 2 was completed.

Environmental Impact

78 households were resettled to the nearby Mu U Resettlement area in 2010 to make room for the plant — but severe land erosion caused by the loss of sand dunes that have been removed to build the coal port means that the land that people have been resettled to now regularly becomes flooded. Local residents' protests to government officials have led to a plan to resettle these impacted residents again, to the Con Trung Resettlement Area. Many families in the area report that they are unable to grow anything without the protection of the sand dunes, and that their land has become worthless with the repeated flooding.

In May 2017, Politburo member Nguyễn Thiện Nhân visited the Duyen Hai plant. While stating its importance for the regional economy, he also acknowledged that local people were very concerned about the plant's environmental impact.

In October 2022, Tra Vinh made a call for investments in five eco-tourism projects in the province. One project was the 368-hectare Bien Ba Dong tourism complex, which would border the Duyen Hai Power Generation Complex.

Opposition

Since 2011, the communities around the Duyen Hai Power Station in Tra Vinh province of Vietnam’s Mekong Delta complained about the effect of the coal plants on their poor resettlements. In 2014, it was reported that many people living near the Duyen Hai coal plants “are unable to grow anything” because the coal plant has affected the sand dunes, increasing landslides and soil erosion. Multiple villagers are not earning enough money to sustain themselves and express great concern and anxiety over the effects of the coal plant.

Starting in 2015, villagers near the Duyen Hai power plant expressed worries over black smoke, slag dust, and discharging water into the sea. In 2017, after two years of environmental issues, villagers told Nguyen Thein Nhan, Secretary of Ho Chi Minh City Party Committee, about their concerns. He responded that the coal plant is still important to the electricity of the local Mekong Delta, but he acknowledged the environmental concerns.

In 2018, a report on how villagers still suffer from coal ash and dust from the Duyen Hai power plants was released by the Straits Times. Villagers expressed unhappiness over the rising air pollution and the government’s push for coal-fired power plants. Farmers and fisherman complain about lack of agriculture and produce. Environmental groups express concern over Vietnam’s advancement of coal plants, citing that Vietnam may become dependent on foreign, imported coal.

In May 2019, environmentalist groups, such as Unfriend Coal, released a report around how Talanx needs to stop investing and insuring coal plants, including the Duyen Hai power plant. The report explained that the coal plant resulted in “78 households being relocated to an area which regularly floods” and is bad for farming or fishing.

Articles and Resources

Additional data

To access additional data, including an interactive map of coal-fired power stations, a downloadable dataset, and summary data, please visit the Global Coal Plant Tracker on the Global Energy Monitor website.