Ingolstadt Kralupy Litvínov Oil Pipeline
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Ingolstadt Kralupy Litvínov (IKL) Oil Pipeline (also known as IKL pipeline and MERO pipeline) is a crude oil pipeline in Central Europe. It facilitates the transport of crude oil from Germany to the Czech oil refineries of Kralupy and Litvínov. The name of the Ingolstadt–Kralupy–Litvínov pipeline is misleading, as the pipeline does not start in Ingolstadt and does not run to Kralupy and Litvínov.[1]
Location
The pipeline originates in Vohburg, Germany, and terminates at Nelahozeves near Kralupy, Czech Republic.[2]
Project Details
- Operator: MERO ČR
- Owner: MERO ČR
- Parent Entity: Government of Czech Republic
- Current capacity: 200,000 barrels per day
- Length: 347 kilometers
- Status: Operating
- Start Year: 1996
History
Negotiations to construct the Ingolstadt–Kralupy–Litvínov pipeline started in October 1990 and were concluded in 1992.[1] Originally, the pipeline was planned to run from Ingolstadt to Litvínov, but the route was changed to run from Vohburg to Nelahozeves. However, the original name of the pipeline was retained.[3]
Construction of the pipeline started on 1 September 1994. It was inaugurated on 13 March 1996.[3] It is the main pipeline in the Czech Republic allowing oil supplies other than those of Russian origin. In 2003, the pipeline was modernized by improving remote control systems and increasing capacity.[4]
Route
The 347-km pipeline starts from Vohburg in Germany, where it is connected with the Transalpine Oil Pipeline, and ends at the oil depot in Nelahozeves near Prague in the Czech Republic. The German section of the pipeline is 178 km and the Czech section is 169 km long.[1]
Technical description
The pipeline has a diameter of 714 mm, and the pressure varies from 65 bar in Vohburg to 20 bar in Nelahozeves. The capacity of the pipeline is around 10 million tonnes per year, of which normally 30% is in use.[1][4] The additional capacity is reserved for securing oil supplies in case of disruption of Russian supplies through the Druzhba pipeline, as happened in July 2008.[5] The control center, which controls the whole pipeline, is located in Vohburg. The backup control center is located in Nelahozeves.[1]
The tank farm in Vohburg consists of four tanks, with a total capacity of 200,000 cubic meters.[1] The tank farm in Nelahozeves, serving the IKL and Druzhba pipelines, consists of sixteen tanks with a total capacity of 1,550,000 cubic meters.[6]
Articles and resources
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 "Ropovod IKL (IKL Pipeline)" (in Czech). Petroleum.cz. Retrieved 2008-08-09.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ↑ "Map: The IKL Crude Oil Pipeline in the Czech Republic". MERO ČR, a. s. Retrieved 2020-10-03.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ 3.0 3.1 "The IKL Crude Oil Pipeline". MERO ČR. Retrieved 2009-01-11.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Energy Policies of IEA Countries – Czech Republic (PDF). OECD/International Energy Agency. 2005. p. 91. ISBN 92-64-10929-3. Retrieved 2008-08-09.
- ↑ Andrew E. Kramer (2008-07-11). "Russian oil to Czechs slows after U.S. pact". International Herald Tribune. Retrieved 2008-08-09.
- ↑ "The Central Crude Oil Tank Farm Nelahozeves". MERO ČR. Retrieved 2015-11-15.
Related GEM.wiki articles
External resources
Wikipedia also has an article on Ingolstadt–Kralupy–Litvínov pipeline. This article may use content from the Wikipedia article under the terms of the GFDL.
