Planning the end of coal-fired power: Phaseout targets and NDCs

From Global Energy Monitor

* NEW: Visit Global Energy Monitor's related Global coal phaseout visualization tool here!

The planned retirement of coal-fired power stations across the globe can be estimated through various commitments, including country level commitments and plans. These commitments and plans have varying levels of haste, ambition, conditionality, and likelihood depending on their type.

As of December 2023, 32 coal burning countries were a part of the Powering Past Coal Alliance (PPCA), which involves committing to phasing out coal by a particular year.

A coal "phaseout" generally refers to the retirement of all coal-fired power stations in a particular place. Some countries have a formal coal phaseout date through an avenue such as the PPCA, while other countries have various climate and energy transition commitments that indicate an implied coal phaseout date, such as a carbon neutrality target, a net-zero target, or an established Nationally Determined Contribution. A carbon neutrality target refers to the combination of emissions plus offsets/capture, and a net-zero target refers to no emissions whatsoever by a particular year. A Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) is a non-binding document submitted by a country to outline climate-related policy targets in accordance with the Paris Agreement.

  • Haste: Some countries target retiring all coal-fired power stations by a particular year this decade. Others, such as Belgium, have already retired all coal-fired capacity. Meanwhile, other countries, such as India, do not target carbon neutrality until 2070.
  • Ambition: In some cases, such as in the United States, targets are stipulated by the use of fossil fuels in combination with technologies such as Carbon Capture and Storage or are narrowed in scope to only the electricity sector (e.g. excluding transportation).
  • Conditionality: Many less developed countries have different targets depending on whether they are granted international aid. For example, Nigeria has set a target of a 47% emissions reduction by 2030 with international aid or a 20% emissions reduction by 2030 without international aid.
  • Likelihood: The way in which a target was established can indicate the relative likelihood that a country will meet its goal. Denmark, for example, has a law pledging carbon neutrality by 2050. Meanwhile, other countries have set targets using varying levels of authority. This includes policy documents, declarations, and loosely defined discussions such as speeches or political campaigns.


The below tables provide the associated year of country-level coal phaseout, carbon neutrality, and net-zero targets. For further details on a country's type of net-zero commitment (law, policy, discussion, NDC target, etc.) and other additional information, see the NewClimate Institute's Net Zero Tracker.[1]

For resources related to Paris Agreement aligned coal exit dates and "abatement", see the Global Energy Monitor - Coal Phaseout Tool wiki.

Coal phaseout and other targets by GCPT country

All tables are limited to Global Coal Plant Tracker (GCPT) countries. The GCPT provides information on coal-fired power units from around the world generating 30 megawatts and above. The GCPT catalogues every operating coal-fired generating unit, every new unit proposed since 2010, and every unit retired since 2000. To share feedback or report an error found on this wiki page, please visit the GCPT error reporting form.

Countries without coal power capacity

“No Coal” refers to no operating/mothballed coal power capacity as of July 2023
Country Phaseout Year Net Zero or Carbon Neutral Target Year Sources
Austria Last GCPT coal unit retired or converted in 2020 2040 [2]
Côte d'Ivoire No Coal - 2021 None [3][4]
Egypt No Coal - 2021 None [5]
Portugal Last GCPT coal unit retired or converted in 2021 2050 [6]
Papua New Guinea No Coal 2050 [7]
Peru Last GCPT coal unit retired or converted in 2022 None [8]
United Arab Emirates Last GCPT coal unit retired or converted in 2022 2050 [9][10]
Albania No Coal None [11][12]
Belarus No Coal None [13]
Belgium Last GCPT coal unit retired or converted in 2016 2050 [14]
Djibouti No Coal None [15]
DR Congo No Coal None [16]
El Salvador No Coal None [17]
Eswatini No Coal None [18]
Ethiopia No Coal 2050 [19][20]
Georgia No Coal 2050 [21]
Ghana No Coal 2060 [22][23]
Guinea No Coal None [24]
Iran No Coal None [25]
Jamaica No Coal None [26]
Kenya No Coal None –
Latvia No Coal 2050 [27]
Malawi No Coal 2050 –
Mozambique No Coal None –
Niger No Coal None –
Oman No Coal 2050 [28]
Sudan No Coal None –
Sweden Last GCPT coal unit retired or converted in 2020 2045 [29]
Tanzania No Coal None –
Venezuela No Coal None –

Coal power countries with phaseout dates

Country Phaseout Year Net Zero or Carbon Neutral Target Year Sources
Slovakia 2024 2050 [30][31]
United Kingdom 2024 2050 [32]
Italy 2027 2050 [33][34]
Israel 2026 2050 [35][36]
Spain 2025 2050 [37]
Ireland 2025 2050 [38]
France 2027 2050 [39]
North Macedonia 2030 None [33][40]
Greece 2028 2050 [41]
Denmark 2028 2050 [42]
Netherlands 2029 None [43][44]
Finland 2029 2035 [45][46]
Hungary 2029 2050 [47][48][33]
Germany 2030* 2045 [49][50]
Canada 2030 2050 [51]
Colombia 2030 2050 [52]
New Zealand 2030 2050 [53]
Panama 2030 2050 [54][55]
Mauritius 2030 2070 [56][57]
Romania 2032 2050 [58][59]
Czech Republic 2033 2050 [60][61][62]
Slovenia 2033 2050 [63][64]
Croatia 2033 2050 [65][66]
United States 2035** 2050 [67][68]
Ukraine 2035 2060 [69][70]
Hong Kong 2035 2050 [71][72]
Montenegro 2035 None [73]
Bulgaria 2038 2050 [74][75]
Chile 2040 2050 [76][77]
Sri Lanka 2042 2050 [78][79]
Poland 2049 None [80][81]
Kosovo 2050 2050 [82][83]
Myanmar 2050 None [84]
South Korea 2050 2050 [85][86]
Serbia 2050 None [87]

2030* Germany's July 2020 Coal Power Exit Law established 2038 as the country's formal coal phase-out year. A pending analysis of the government's phase-out plan stated that Germany would phase out coal "ideally by 2030".[88]

2035** The United States had targeted a "carbon pollution free" electricity sector by 2035. However, the target did not explicitly include abated power stations or power stations not used for the electricity sector. In April 2023, the United States was among the G7 countries that blocked the establishment of a Group-wide 2030 phase-out date. In May 2023, language from the White House was adjusted to "a fully or predominantly decarbonized power sector by 2035".[89]

Countries in the European Union (EU) have their own individual phase-out targets. The EU's 2021 European Climate Law established a binding target of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 55% by 2030. EU countries were to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. However, power stations fitted with abatement technologies, such as carbon capture and storage, could continue to operate in 2050.[90] EU member states were pushing for the establishment of a global coal phase-out date ahead of broader carbon neutrality targets; however, as of October 2023, Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy, Malta, Poland and Slovakia did not support a complete phase-out commitment that prohibited "abated" fossil-fueled power stations.[91]

Coal power countries without phaseout dates

Country Phaseout Year Net Zero or Carbon Neutral Target Year Sources
Indonesia None 2060 [92][93]
Malaysia None 2050 [94][95]
South Africa None 2050 [96][97]
Vietnam None 2050 [98][99]
Taiwan None 2050 [100]
Kazakhstan None 2060 [101]
Thailand None 2050 [102][103]
Brazil None 2050 [104][105]
Bosnia and Herzegovina None 2050 [106][107]
Kyrgyzstan None 2050 [108][109]
Zambia None None [110]
Brunei None 2050 [111]
Türkiye None 2053 [112]
China None 2060 [113][114]
India None 2070 [115][116]
Japan None 2050 [117][118]
Russia None 2060 [119]
Australia None 2050 [120][121]
Philippines None None [122]
Pakistan None None [123]
Mexico None None [124]
Morocco None None [125]
North Korea None None [126]
Bangladesh None None [127][128]
Uzbekistan None None [129]
Laos None 2050 [130][131]
Moldova None None [132]
Cambodia None 2050 [133][134]
Zimbabwe None None [135]
Dominican Republic None 2050 [136]
Mongolia None None [137]
Botswana None None [138][139]
Argentina None 2050 [140][141]
Guatemala None None –
Tajikistan None None [142]
Nigeria None 2060 [143]
Senegal None None [144][145]
Madagascar None None [146]
Namibia None None [147]
Honduras None None [148]
Guadeloupe None None [149]
Syria None None [150]

Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) by GCPT country

The table below is limited to Global Coal Plant Tracker (GCPT) countries. The full NDC document registry is available on the UNFCCC website.[151]

As of November 2023
Country Latest NDC Commitment Summary
Albania 12/10/2021 Albania's updated NDC, released in October 2021, pledged a 21% reduction in CO2e emissions compared to a Business-As-Usual Scenario (BAU) by 2030 and for 42% of gross final energy consumption to be from renewable energy by 2030.
Argentina 11/2/2021 Argentina's 2021 Paris climate pledge, laid out in its second NDC report, sets a goal of carbon neutrality by 2050 but does not specifically commit to zero-emissions electricity or a complete phase-out of coal.
Australia 6/16/2022 Australia's most recent NDC, submitted in June 2022, increases the ambition of the country's climate target. It reaffirms its commitment to net-zero emissions by 2050, and commits to an emissions reduction of 43% below 2005 levels by 2030.
Austria 10/19/2023 Austria, as an EU member state, signed the EU's most recent NDC, in which the EU pledged to reduce emissions by 55% below 1990 levels by 2030. Austria also has individual targets of net-zero emissions by 2040 and 100% renewable power by 2030, according to the IEA.
Bangladesh 8/26/2021 Bangladesh's most recent NDC, submitted in August 2021, has two levels of commitments, depending on the amount of international aid received. Its unconditional commitment is to reduce emissions by 6.73% below a Business-As-Usual Scenario (BAU), under which Bangladesh would emit an estimated at 409.4 Mt CO2e. Its commitment conditional on international aid will reduce emissions by 15.12% below BAU. It will build 911 MW of renewable energy under the unconditional scenario and 4,114 MW of renewable energy under the conditional scenario.
Belarus 10/11/2020 Belarus' most recent NDC, submitted in November 2020, committed the country to reduce emissions 35% below 1990 levels by 2030.
Belgium 10/19/2023 Belgium, as an EU member state, signed the EU's most recent NDC, in which the EU pledged to reduce emissions by 55% below 1990 levels by 2030; it is also adhering to the EU goal of net-zero emissions by 2050. According to the IEA, Belgium completed its coal phase-out in 2016.
Bosnia and Herzegovina 4/20/2021 In its most recent NDC, submitted in April 2020, Bosnia and Herzegovina committed unconditionally to a 33.2% reduction in emissions below 1990 levels by 2030, with a possibility of reaching 36.8% emissions reductions by 2030 contingent on international aid. Bosnia and Herzegovina will also reduce emissions by 61.7% or 65.6% below 1990 levels by 2050, depending on the amount of international aid received.
Botswana 11/11/2016 In its most recent NDC, submitted in November 2016, Botswana committed to reduce its emissions by 15% below 2010 levels by 2030.
Brazil 11/3/2023 In its most recent NDC, submitted in Novembr 2023, Brazil committed to reducing its emissions in 2030 by 53.1% below 2005 levels. This was an increase from the previous commitment of 50% in the same time period. Brazil also has an objective of carbon neutrality by 2050.
Brunei 12/31/2020 In its most recent NDC, submitted in December 2020, Brunei committed to reducing its emissions by 20% relative to Business-As-Usual (BAU) levels by 2030. Its BAU estimate for 2030 is approximately 29.5 Mt CO2e. Brunei also committed to increase its total share of renewable energy to at least 30% of total capacity in the power generation mix by 2035.
Bulgaria 10/19/2023 Bulgaria, as an EU member state, signed the EU pledge to reduce emissions by 55% below 1990 levels by 2030; it is also adhering to the EU goal of net-zero emissions by 2050.
Cambodia 12/31/2020 In its most recent NDC, submitted in December 2020, Cambodia committed to reducing its emissions by 41.7% below its estimated Business-As-Usual Scenario (BAU) by 2030. Its estimate for BAU emissions in 2030 was 155 Mt CO2e.
Canada 7/21/2021 Canada's most recent NDC, submitted in July 2021, sets a target of reducing emissions by 40-45% below 2005 levels by 2030. Canada has also committed to reach net-zero emissions by 2050. Two provinces, Nova Scotia and Alberta, committed to phase out coal by 2030 in the NDC. These two provinces also set renewable energy targets of 80% and 30%, respectively, by 2030.
Chile 4/9/2020 In its most recent NDC, submitted in April 2020, Chile established an unconditional carbon budget not to exceed 100 MtCO2e in the period 2020 to 2030. It considers this an intermediate goal to reach net-zero emissions by 2050. The country has also committed to phase out coal-fired power by 2040.
China 10/28/2021 China’s updated NDC, submitted in October 2021, pledged for the country to reach a peak in CO2 emissions before 2030 – with "best efforts to peak early” – and to bring the installed capacity of wind and solar power to more than 1,200 gigawatts (GW). China also officially added its goal of achieving carbon neutrality "before 2060” into the latest pledge. According to the NDC, China will "strictly control" coal-fired power generation projects, and "strictly limit" the increase in coal consumption over the 14th Five-Year Plan period (2021-2025) and phase it down in the 15th Five-Year Plan period (2026-2030). At the UN General Assembly in September 2021, President Xi pledged that China “will not build new coal-fired power projects abroad”.
Colombia 12/30/2020 Colombia’s Paris climate pledge, laid out in the 2020 revision of its NDC report, calls for a 51% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030, with the country approaching carbon neutrality by 2050.
Côte d'Ivoire 5/9/2022 In its recently updated NDC, the Ivory Coast raised its emissions reduction goal from 28.25% to 30.41% by 2030 compared to their business as usual reference case. The target sectors for mitigating GHG emissions are energy, waste, and agriculture.
Croatia 10/19/2023 Croatia, as an EU member state, signed the EU's most recent NDC, in which the EU pledged to reduce emissions by 55% below 1990 levels by 2030; it is also adhering to the EU goal of net-zero emissions by 2050.
Czech Republic 10/19/2023 Czech Republic, as an EU member state, signed the EU's most recent NDC, in which the EU pledged to reduce emissions by 55% below 1990 levels by 2030; it is also adhering to the EU goal of net-zero emissions by 2050.
Denmark 10/19/2023 Denmark, as an EU member state, signed the EU's most recent NDC, in which the EU pledged to reduce emissions by 55% below 1990 levels by 2030; it is also adhering to the EU goal of net-zero by 2050.
Djibouti 11/11/2016 In its most recent NDC, submitted in November 2016, Djibouti committed to reducing its GHG emissions by 40% by the year 2030 compared to the Business-As-Usual Scenario (BAU). This represents a reduction of around 2 Mt of CO2e compared to a business as usual (BAU) scenario. With sufficient international aid, Djibouti estimates that it could reduce emissions by an additional 20% over a BAU scenario.
Dominican Republic 12/29/2020 The Dominican Republic’s Paris climate pledge, laid out in its 2020 Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) report, calls for a 27% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 relative to business as usual, up from 25% in the original NDC.
DR Congo 12/28/2021 In its most recent NDC, submitted in December 2021, the DRC committed to reducing its GHG emissions by 21% by the year 2030 compared to the business as usual scenario. This represents a reduction of up to 650 Mt CO2e.
Egypt 6/26/2023 In its most recent NDC, submitted in June 2023, Egypt committed to a target of 37% GHG reduction in the electricity generation and distribution sector by 2030 relative to the business as usual scenario. The country also committed to a target of 65% GHG reduction in the oil and gas sector in the same time period relative to the business as usual scenario.
El Salvador 10/30/2017 El Salvador’s Paris climate pledge, laid out in its NDC report, calls for a 46% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions relative to business as usual by 2025.
Eswatini 10/12/2021 In its most recent NDC, submitted in October 2021, Eswatini made an unconditional commitment to reduce its emissions by 5% by 2030 below the Business-As-Usual Scenario (BAU), with a potential to reduce emissions by 14% below BAU by 2030 with international financial support. A 14% reduction would translate to an emissions reduction of 1.04 Mt CO2eq in 2030.
Ethiopia 7/23/2021 Ethiopia's most recent NDC, submitted in July 2021, has two levels of commitments, depending on the amount of international aid received. Its unconditional commitment is to reduce emissions by 14% by 2030 compared to its Business-As-Usual Scenario (BAU), which would result in approximately 56 Mt CO2eq of emissions reductions. Conditional on international aid, Ethiopia will reduce emissions by 68.8% by 2030 compared to BAU, leading to emissions reductions of 277.7 Mt CO2eq. Ethiopia also aims to ensure 35% of its population has access to electricity from alternative off-grid renewable energy (RE) technologies by 2030 and to increase its total share of renewable electricity generation by 27%.
Finland 10/19/2023 Finland, as an EU member state, signed the EU's most recent NDC, in which the EU pledged to reduce emissions by 55% below 1990 levels by 2030; it is also adhering to the EU goal of net-zero by 2050.
France 10/19/2023 France, as an EU member state, signed the EU's most recent NDC, in which the EU pledged to reduce emissions by 55% below 1990 levels by 2030; it is also adhering to the EU goal of net-zero by 2050.
Georgia 5/5/2021 In its most recent NDC, submitted in May 2021, Georgia committed to an unconditional emissions reduction target of 35% below 1990 levels by 2030. Conditional on international aid, Georgia committed to an emissions reduction target of 50-57% by 2030 compared to 1990 levels.
Germany 10/19/2023 Germany, as an EU member state, signed the EU's most recent NDC, in which the EU pledged to reduce emissions by 55% below 1990 levels by 2030; it is also adhering to the EU goal of net-zero by 2050.
Ghana 11/4/2021 In its most recent NDC, submitted in April 2021, Ghana made an unconditional commitment to achieve 8.5 MtCO2e GHG reductions by 2025 and a further 24.6 MtCO2e by 2030, compared to the 2020-2030 cumulative emissions estimate for a Business-As-Usual (BAU) scenario. Ghana also outlined 25 conditional programmes of action that have the potential to achieve emissions reductions 16.7 MtCO2e by 2025 and 39.4 MtCO2e by 2030 compared to BAU, which it will implement if it receives sufficient international financial support. Ghana also aims to generate 10% of its electricity from renewable sources by 2030.
Greece 10/19/2023 Greece, as an EU member state, signed the EU's most recent NDC, in which the EU pledged to reduce emissions by 55% below 1990 levels by 2030; it is also adhering to the EU goal of net-zero by 2050.
Guadeloupe N/A N/A
Guatemala 5/23/2022 In its most recent NDC, submitted in May 2022, Guatemala committed to reduce its emissions unconditionally by 11.2% below 2016 levels by 2030. With the support of the international community, this goal could conditionally increase to a 22.6% reduction within the same time period.
Guinea 7/28/2021 In its most recent NDC, submitted in July 2021, Guinea made an unconditional commitment (excluding land use, land-use change, and forestry actions) to reducing its GHG emissions by 9.7% by the year 2030 compared to the business as usual scenario. This is equivalent to the mitigation of 2056 kt CO2e per year. The revision also includes objectives for the LULUCF sector, which would increase the the unconditional commitment to a 20% reduction compared to the business as usual scenario.
Honduras 5/19/2021 Honduras' Paris climate pledge, laid out in its NDC report (2021 revision), calls for a 20% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 but does not stipulate any specific reduction in electricity generation from coal or other fossil fuels.
Hong Kong N/A N/A
Hungary 10/19/2023 Hungary, as an EU member state, signed the EU's most recent NDC, in which the EU pledged to reduce emissions by 55% below 1990 levels by 2030; it is also adhering to the EU goal of net-zero by 2050.
India 10/2/2016 In its most recent NDC, submitted in October 2016, India committed to reduce the emissions intensity of its GDP by 33-35% below 2005 levels by 2030. It also aims to generate 40% of its power from non-fossil fuel sources by 2030. India plans to "continue to dominate power generation in future," but has mandated that all new coal plants use supercritical technology. In 2016, India had also established a tax of INR 200 (USD 3.2) per tonne of coal, which generated INR 170.84 billion (USD 2.7 billion) that was used on renewable energy projects.
Indonesia 7/22/2021 Indonesia's most recent NDC, submitted in July 2021, has two levels of commitments, depending on the amount of international aid received. Its unconditional commitment is to reduce emissions by 29% below a Business-As-Usual Scenario (BAU) by 2030, under which Indonesia would emit an estimated 2.87 GtCO2e in 2030. Indonesia also committed to generate at least 23% of its energy from renewable energy by 2025 and at least 31% in 2050. Indonesia has also said it will generate at least 30% of its energy from coal in 2025, and at least 25% in 2050.
Iran N/A N/A
Ireland 10/19/2023 Ireland, as an EU member state, signed the EU's most recent NDC, in which the EU pledged to reduce emissions by 55% below 1990 levels by 2030; it is also adhering to the EU goal of net-zero by 2050.
Israel 7/29/2021 In its most recent NDC, submitted in July 2021, Israel committed to an unconditional absolute greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction goal of 27% below 2015 levels by 2030, and an unconditional absolute GHG emissions reduction goal for 2050 of 85% below 2015 levels. Israel's 2015 emissions were estimated at 79 MtCO2e. In addition, "in recognition of the desirability of a net-zero emissions goal by 2050," Israel will periodically revise its 2050 commitments. In the energy sector, Israel committed to phase out coal-fired power generation no later than 2026 and determined targets for a renewable power generation share of 20% in 2025 and 30% in 2030.
Italy 10/19/2023 Italy, as an EU member state, signed the EU's most recent NDC, in which the EU pledged to reduce emissions by 55% below 1990 levels by 2030; it is also adhering to the EU goal of net-zero by 2050.
Jamaica 7/1/2020 Jamaica's most recent NDC, submitted in July 2020, has two levels of commitments, depending on the amount of international aid received. Its unconditional commitment is to reduce emissions by 25.4% below a Business-As-Usual Scenario (BAU) by 2030, while its commitment conditional on international aid is an emissions reduction of 28.5% below BAU by 2030. These commitments would result in emissions reductions of 1.8 and 2.0 MtCO2e by 2030, respectively.
Japan 10/22/2021 In its most recent NDC, submitted in October 2021, Japan committed to reduce its emissions by 46% below 2013 levels by 2030. Japan has also committed to reach net-zero emissions by 2050.
Kazakhstan 6/27/2023 In its most recent NDC, submitted in June 2023, Kazakhstan made an unconditional commitment to reduce emissions by 15% below 1990 levels by 2030. Kazakhstan made a conditional commitment to reduce emissions by 25% below 1990 levels by 2030, which it will achieve if it receives sufficient international financial support. These commitments were the same as that submitted in June 2016.
Kenya 12/28/2020 In its most recent NDC, submitted in December 2020, Kenya committed to reduce emissions by 32% by 2030 below the Business-As-Usual Scenario (BAU), in which emissions would have reached 143 Mt CO2eq. Kenya has committed to provide domestic financing to cover 13%-21% of the investment cost needed to achieve this level of emissions reductions, and will depend on international aid to cover the remainder.
Kosovo N/A N/A
Kyrgyzstan 10/9/2021 In its most recent NDC, submitted in October 2021, Kyrgyzstan made an unconditional commitment to reduce emissions by 15.97% by 2030 below the Business-As-Usual Scenario (BAU), in which Kyrgyzstan would have emitted approximately 15 Mt CO2eq. If it receives sufficient international aid, Kyrgyzstan will reduce emissions by 43.62% below BAU by 2030.
Laos 5/11/2021 In its most recent NDC, submitted in July 2020, Laos made an unconditional commitment is to reduce emissions by 60% below a Business-As-Usual Scenario (BAU) by 2030, which would translate to an emissions reduction of 62 Mt CO2eq in 2030. In the energy sector, Laos made an unconditional commitment to increase hydropower generation capacity from 4.5 GW to 13 GW by 2030. It also made a commitment to install 1 GW of solar and wind energy capacity by 2030, conditional on international financial support.
Latvia 10/19/2023 Latvia, as an EU member state, signed the EU's most recent NDC, in which the EU pledged to reduce emissions by 55% below 1990 levels by 2030; it is also adhering to the EU goal of net-zero by 2050.
Madagascar 1/29/2024 Madagascar's most recent NDC, submitted in January 2024, commits the country to emissions reductions of 28% below its Business-As-Usual Scenario. Madagascar also aims to produce 80% of its electricity from renewable sources.
Malawi 7/30/2021 Malawi's most recent NDC, submitted in July 2021, has two levels of commitments, depending on the amount of international aid received. Its unconditional commitment is to reduce emissions by 6% below a Business-As-Usual Scenario (BAU) by 2040, which would lead to an emissions reduction of 2.1 Mt CO2eq in that year. Its commitment conditional on international aid is an emissions reduction of 51% below BAU by 2040, which would result in an emissions reduction of 17.7 Mt CO2eq. Malawi's adoption of renewable energy technology is contingent on international aid as well.
Malaysia 7/30/2021 In its most recent NDC, submitted in July 2021, Malaysia committed to an unconditional emissions reduction of 45% below 2005 levels by 2030.
Mauritius 10/5/2021 In its most recent NDC, submitted in October 2021, Mauritius committed to an emissions reduction of 40% by 2030 below its Business-As-Usual Scenario (BAU), in which the country would have emitted 6.9 Mt CO2eq in that year. 65% of this emissions reduction goal is contingent on international financial support. Mauritius also committed to phase out coal before 2030 and to generate 60% of its energy from green sources by 2030.
Mexico 12/30/2020 Mexico's most recent NDC, submitted in December 2020, has two levels of commitments, depending on the amount of international aid received. Its unconditional commitment is to reduce emissions by 22% below a Business-As-Usual Scenario (BAU) by 2030, while its commitment conditional on international aid is an emissions reduction of 36% below BAU by 2030. These targets would result in 210 and 347 Mt CO2eq of emissions reductions in 2030, respectively.
Moldova 4/3/2020 Moldova's updated NDC, submitted in April 2020, set a new, economy-wide unconditional target to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions in 2030 by 70

per cent below 1990 levels. The reduction commitment could be increased up to 88 per cent below 1990 levels provided low-cost financial resources and technology transfer and cooperation were made available.

Mongolia 10/13/2020 Mongolia's most recent NDC, submitted in October 2020, committed the country to an emissions reduction of 22.7% below its 2030 Business-As-Usual Scenario (BAU), which will reduce emissions from 74.3 to 57.4 Mt CO2eq in 2030.
Montenegro 6/15/2021 In its most recent NDC update, submitted in June 2021, Montenegro committed to an emissions reduction of 35% below 1990 levels by 2030, excluding land use, land-use change, and forestry.
Morocco 6/22/2021 In its most recent NDC, submitted in June 2021, Morocco committed to an unconditional emissions reduction of 18.3% by 2030 and a conditional target of up to a 45.5% reduction in the same time frame.
Mozambique 12/27/2021 In its most recent NDC, submitted in December 2021, Mozambique committed to a cumulative emissions reduction of about 40 Mt CO2eq in the period from 2020 to 2025.
Myanmar 8/3/2021 In its most recent NDC, submitted in August 2021, Myanmar committed to total emissions reductions of 244.52 Mt CO2e unconditionally by 2030, and a total of 414.75 Mt CO2e by 2030 subject to conditions of international finance and technical support. Myanmar also aims to increase its total share of renewable energy to 53.5% (from 2,000 MW to 3,070 MW) by 2030, and to decrease the share of coal by 73.5% (from 7,940 MW to 2,120 MW) by 2030.
Namibia 1/17/24 In Namibia's 2023 update to its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) submission under the Paris agreement, submitted in January 2024, the country aims to increase its sink capacity by 13.1% (11.9 Mt CO2e) compared to the Business-As-Usual Scenario (BAU) in 2030.
Netherlands 10/19/2023 Netherlands, as an EU member state, signed the EU's most recent NDC, in which the EU pledged to reduce emissions by 55% below 1990 levels by 2030; it is also adhering to the EU goal of net-zero by 2050.
New Zealand 11/3/2021 In its most recent NDC, submitted in November 2021, New Zealand commits to an emissions reduction of 50% below gross 2005 levels by 2030. New Zealand is targeting net-zero emissions by 2050, with the exception of biogenic methane emissions, which will be reduced 24 to 47% below 2017 levels. The NDC also includes a goal of 100% renewable electricity by 2035 and a firm commitment for New Zealand to phase out coal by 2037.
Niger 12/13/2021 In its most recent NDC, submitted in December 2021, Niger updated and improved operationalization of their emissions reductions targets. The country committed to an unconditional emissions reduction in the energy sector of 10.6% and a conditional target of 45% in the same time frame.
Nigeria 7/30/2021 Nigeria's most recent NDC, submitted in July 2021, has two levels of commitments, depending on the amount of international aid received. Its unconditional commitment is to reduce emissions by 20% below a Business-As-Usual Scenario (BAU) by 2030, while its commitment conditional on international aid is an emissions reduction of 47% below BAU by 2030. Nigeria would emit 244 Mt CO2eq in 2030 if it meets it conditional commitment, compared to 453 Mt CO2eq in 2030 under its BAU scenario. In the energy sector, Nigeria sets a goal of 30% on-grid electricity from renewables by 2030, including 15.5 GW from hydropower, 6.5 GW from solar, and 3.2 GW from wind. In addition, it aims to add 13 GW of off-grid electricity, including mini-grids and rooftop solar.
North Korea 9/19/2019 In its most recent NDC, submitted in September 2019, North Korea made an unconditional commitment to reduce its emissions by 16.4% below a Business-As-Usual Scenario (BAU) by 2030, which would translate to an emissions reduction of 35.8 Mt CO2eq in that year. Conditional on international financial aid, North Korea will reduce its emissions by an additional 78.8 Mt CO2eq in 2030.
North Macedonia 4/16/2021 North Macedonia's most recent NDC, submitted in April 2021, commits the country to a 51% emissions reduction below 1990 levels by 2030. North Macedonia also commits to a renewable share of 66% in gross electricity production.
Oman 11/29/2023 In its most recent NDC, submitted in November 2023, Oman committed to a 21% emissions reduction by 2030 below its Business-As-Usual Scenario (BAU). Under BAU, Oman would emit 106 Mt CO2eq. Of the 21% GHG reduction commitment, 7% is based on national efforts, and the remaining 14% depends on international financial support. Oman also committed to increasing its share of renewable energy production to 20% by 2030 and 35-39% in 2040. Oman pledged to become carbon neutral by 2050.
Pakistan 10/21/2021 In its most recent NDC, submitted in October 2021, Pakistan committed to a 50% emissions reduction by 2030 below its Business-As-Usual Scenario (BAU). 15% of this reduction would come from domestic resources, and 35% is dependent on international financial aid. Under BAU, Pakistan would emit 1,603 Mt CO2eq. Pakistan also aims to generate 60% of its electricity from renewable sources by 2030.
Panama 12/28/2020 Panama’s Paris climate pledge, laid out in its NDC report (2020 revision), calls for an 11.5% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 and a 24% reduction by 2050, but does not stipulate any specific limitations on coal emissions.
Papua New Guinea 12/16/2020 In its most recent NDC, submitted in December 2020, Papua New Guinea committed to be 50% carbon neutral by 2030 and entirely carbon neutral by 2050. Papua New Guinea also committed to generate 78% of its energy from renewables by 2030.
Peru 12/18/2020 Peru’s Paris climate pledge, laid out in its NDC report (2020 revision), calls for a 30% to 40% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 but does not stipulate any specific reduction in electricity generation from coal or other fossil fuels.
Philippines 4/15/2021 In its first NDC, submitted in April 2021, the Philippines committed to a 75% emissions reduction by 2030 below the Business-As-Usual Scenario (BAU). Of the 75% emissions reduction, 2.71% is unconditional, and 72.29% is conditional on international financial support. Under BAU, the Philippines would emit a total of 3,340.3 Mt CO2eq from 2020 to 2030.
Poland 10/19/2023 Poland, as an EU member state, signed the EU's most recent NDC, in which the EU pledged to reduce emissions by 55% below 1990 levels by 2030; it is also adhering to the EU goal of net-zero by 2050.
Portugal 10/19/2023 Portugal, as an EU member state, signed the EU's most recent NDC, in which the EU pledged to reduce emissions by 55% below 1990 levels by 2030; it is also adhering to the EU goal of net-zero by 2050.
Romania 10/19/2023 Romania, as an EU member state, signed the EU's most recent NDC, in which the EU pledged to reduce emissions by 55% below 1990 levels by 2030; it is also adhering to the EU goal of net-zero by 2050.
Russia 11/25/2020 In its first NDC, submitted in November 2020, Russia committed to reduce its emissions by 70% below 1990 levels by 2030.
Senegal 12/29/2020 In its most recent NDC, submitted in December 2020, Senegal committed to a 7% emissions reduction by 2030 below its business as usual scenario. With the support of the international community, this goal could conditionally increase to a 29% reduction within the same time period.
Serbia 8/24/2022 In its updated NDC, submitted in August 2022, Serbia committed to reduce its emissions by 33.3% below 1990 levels by 2030. This was an increase from a commitment of 9.8% in 2017.
Slovakia 10/19/2023 Slovakia, as an EU member state, signed the EU's most recent NDC, in which the EU pledged to reduce emissions by 55% below 1990 levels by 2030; it is also adhering to the EU goal of net-zero by 2050.
Slovenia 10/19/2023 Slovenia, as an EU member state, signed the EU's most recent NDC, in which the EU pledged to reduce emissions by 55% below 1990 levels by 2030; it is also adhering to the EU goal of net-zero by 2050.
South Africa 9/27/2021 In its most recent NDC, submitted in September 2021, South Africa committed to peak its annual GHG emissions at 398-510 Mt CO2-eq between 2021-2025, and lower them to 350-420 Mt CO2eq from 2026-2030.
South Korea 12/30/2020 In its most recent NDC, submitted in December 2020, South Korea committed to reduce its emissions by 24.5% below 2017 levels by 2030, which will result in a cumulative emissions reduction of 709.1 Mt CO2eq from 2021-2030. South Korea also committed to increase its share of renewable energy up to 20% by 2030 and 30-35% by 2040.
Spain 10/19/2023 Spain, as an EU member state, signed the EU's most recent NDC, in which the EU pledged to reduce emissions by 55% below 1990 levels by 2030; it is also adhering to the EU goal of net-zero by 2050.
Sri Lanka 9/24/2021 In its most recent NDC, submitted in September 2021, Sri Lanka made an unconditional commitment to reduce its emissions by 4% by 2030 below the Business-As-Usual Scenario (BAU), and to reduce its emissions by an additional 10.5% conditional on international financial aid. Sri Lanka expects to reach carbon neutrality by 2050. It also aims to generate 70% of its electricity from renewable sources by 2030.
Sudan 9/22/2022 In its updated NDC, submitted in September 2022, Sudan committed to a 38% reduction in emissions from the energy (non-biomass) sector in the period from 2021-2030. Under a Business-As-Usual Scenario (BAU), Sudan would emit 33.2 Mt CO2eq in the energy sector. The country also aims to construct utility-scale wind and solar plants to displace 5,056 GW of fossil-fired electricity.
Sweden 10/19/2023 Sweden, as an EU member state, signed the EU's most recent NDC, in which the EU pledged to reduce emissions by 55% below 1990 levels by 2030; it is also adhering to the EU goal of net-zero by 2050.
Syria 3/13/2019 Syria's most recent NDC does not contain economy-wide emissions reductions targets. Syria expects to generate 10% of its electricity from renewable sources by 2030 if it receives sufficient international financial support.
Taiwan N/A N/A
Tajikistan 10/12/2021 In its most recent NDC, submitted in October 2021, Tajikistan made an unconditional commitment to reduce emissions by 30-40% below 1990 levels by 2030, and a commitment to reduce emissions by 40-50% by 2030 conditional on international financial support.
Tanzania 7/30/2021 Tanzania's most recent NDC, submitted in July 2021, commits the country to a 30-35% emissions reduction by 2030 relative to the Business-As-Usual Scenario (BAU), which would result in a cumulative emissions reduction of 138-153 Mt CO2eq.
Thailand 10/26/2020 In its most recent NDC, submitted in October 2020, Thailand committed to an emissions reduction of 20% below the Business-As-Usual Scenario (BAU) by 2030, with the potential to reduce emissions by 25% with sufficient international financial support. Under BAU, Thailand would emit 555 Mt CO2eq in 2030.
Türkiye 4/13/2023 In its most recent NDC, submitted in April 2023, Türkiye committed to reduce its emissions by 41% below the Business-As-Usual Scenario (BAU) by 2030. This is up from the 21% commitment made in October 2021. Türkiye also established at target of peak emissions in 2038, along with reaffirming their goal of net-zero by 2053.
Ukraine 7/31/2021 Ukraine's most recent NDC, submitted in July 2021, commits the country to an emissions reduction of 65% below 1990 levels by 2030. The country has set a target to reach carbon neutrality in 2060.
United Arab Emirates 7/11/2023 In its updated second NDC, submitted in July 2023, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) raised its committed emissions reduction for the year 2030 to 40%, relative to the Business-As-Usual (BAU) scenario. This is equivalent to a 19% absolute emissions reduction from the 2019 base year. The country would emit 310 Mt CO2eq in 2030 under BAU. The UAE also committed to increase the share of clean energy, including renewables and nuclear, to 50% of its installed power capacity mix by 2050.
United Kingdom 9/22/2022 In its most recent NDC, submitted in September 2022, the United Kingdom committed to reduce its emissions by at least 68% below 1990 levels by 2030. The UK has also committed to a legally-binding target of reaching net-zero emissions by 2050.
United States 4/22/2021 In its most recent NDC, submitted in April 2021 after rejoining the Paris Climate Accords, the United States committed to reduce emissions by 50-52% below 2005 levels by 2030. The United States has also set a goal of generating 100% of its electricity from carbon pollution-free sources by 2035. Although the targets in its NDC put the US on a trajectory to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, the US does not firmly commit to this net-zero target.
Uzbekistan 10/30/2021 Uzbekistan's most recent NDC, submitted in October 2021, commits the country to an emissions reduction of 35% per unit of GDP by 2030. Uzbekistan also committed to generate 30% of its energy from renewable sources by 2030.
Venezuela 11/9/2021 Venezuela’s Paris climate pledge, laid out in its 2017 NDC report, calls for a 20% decrease in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 and prioritizes the use of renewables and gas over coal and other fossil fuels.
Vietnam 8/11/2022 In its most recent NDC, submitted in November 2022, Vietnam committed to reduce its emissions by 15.8% below the Business-As-Usual Scenario (BAU) by 2030, with a possibility of a 43.5% emissions reduction below BAU contingent on sufficient international aid. This was up from 9% and 27% respectively, which was submitted in September 2020.
Zambia 7/30/2021 Zambia's most recent NDC, submitted in July 2021, committed the country to an emissions reduction of 25% below the Business-As-Usual Scenario (BAU) by 2030 with limited international support, or an emissions reduction of 47% under BAU with substantial international support. These targets would result in emissions reductions of 20 Mt CO2eq or 38 Mt CO2eq, respectively.
Zimbabwe 9/24/2021 In its most recent NDC, submitted in 2021, Zimbabwe committed to an emissions reduction of 40% below the Business-As-Usual Scenario by 2030. This would result in a reduction in per capita emissions from 3.31 tonnes CO2eq to 2.3 tonnes CO2eq in 2030. Zimbabwe is projected to have a population of around 20 million in 2030.

Articles and Resources

Making a better coal phaseout plan

There are many ways coal phaseout plans can and must be improved. For example, national governments can take cues from Urgewald's recommendations for corporate coal phaseout plans:[152]

  • Go beyond country-level exit dates and provide specific closure plans for each coal-fired power station in the country's fleet. This can help operators, workers, and communities plan for change, and help governments see if they're staying on track with their commitments.
  • Create Just Transition plans in collaboration with worker unions and local communities. Address community concerns about employment, retraining, economic impacts, and environmental hazards from closed coal plants.
  • Replace coal with renewable solutions—wind, solar, and energy storage. Fuels like fossil gas, biomass, ammonia, or fossil-based hydrogen still have high carbon footprints that will make it harder to attain net zero goals.

Recommended resources

References

  1. ↑ Net Zero Tracker. Energy and Climate Intelligence Unit, Data-Driven EnviroLab, NewClimate Institute, Oxford Net Zero. 2023.
  2. ↑ "Overview: National coal phase-out announcements in Europe," Europe Beyond Coal, January 2021
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  4. ↑ "Contributions Déterminées au niveau National," République de Côte d'Ivoire, March 2022
  5. ↑ "Global Coal to Clean Power Transition Statement," Government of the United Kingdom, November 4, 2021
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  152. ↑ "7 Criteria for a Credible Coal Phase-Out Plan," Global Coal Exit List, Urgewald, accessed November 8, 2023

About the Global Coal Plant Tracker

To access additional data, including an interactive map of coal-fired power stations, a downloadable dataset, and summary data, please visit the Global Coal Plant Tracker on the Global Energy Monitor website.

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