The pipeline starts at the Urengoy gas field in northwest Siberia and runs southwest across the European part of Russia to Uzhgorod, Ukraine on the Ukrainian/Slovakian border.[4][5] The pipeline crosses the Russian-Ukrainian border in the area of Sudzha gas measuring station, Kursk Oblast, Russia.[6]
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The contract for the construction of the pipeline was signed in December 1964, and just two and a half years later the first gas was delivered to Czechoslovakia. The pipeline was the first Soviet gas export route. It is now part of the Urengoy-Pomary-Uzhgorod Central gas transport corridor.[3]
The Urengoy-Pomary-Uzhgorod gas pipeline is a part of the pipeline network also referred to as the "Brotherhood" gas pipeline network. This network includes gas pipelines that deliver gas from the gas fields in Russia to the western border of Ukraine, which is then transported through Slovakia into Western Europe. Besides the Urengoy-Pomary-Uzhgorod gas pipeline, this network includes the Torzhok-Smolensk-Mazyr-Dolyna Gas Pipeline, the Soyuz Gas Pipeline, and the Progress Gas Pipeline.[13]
The Urengoy-Pomary-Uzhgorod gas pipeline was built with a design capacity of 32 bcm/y,[3] it started operations in 1983.[14] The pipeline was initially designed to have two parallel segments running together along the same route, but due to issues with a U.S. embargo and sanctions against the pipeline by U.S. President Reagan, only one pipeline segment was completed.[15]
The pipeline is the largest gas Russian transportation route, transiting through Ukraine and running to Slovakia. In Slovakia, the pipeline is split and one branch goes to the Czech Republic. Russian gas transported through the Czech Republic flows in the direction of Waidhaus and Hora Svaté Kateřiny via Uzhgorod, as well as from the Yamal-Europe gas pipeline, with Olbernhau and Brandov as entry points. Its second branch goes to Austria. This country plays an important role in the delivery of Russian natural gas to Italy, Hungary, Slovenia and Croatia. Gas deliveries through this pipeline started in 1967.[3]
The Urengoy-Pomary-Uzhgorod pipeline starts at the Urengoy gas field in northwest Siberia and runs southwest across the European part of Russia to Uzhgorod, Ukraine on the Ukrainian/Slovakian border.[4][5] The pipeline crosses the Russian-Ukrainian border in the area of Sudzha gas measuring station, Kursk Oblast, Russia.[6]
A detailed portion of the route was downloaded from OpenStreetMap / Open Infrastructure Map.[16]
In June of 2014 an explosion occurred along the pipeline in the Poltava region of Ukraine. Ukraine's Ministry of the Interior cited sabotage as the cause, but the Ministry of Energy stated that it was a depressurization problem that led the explosion. Poltava's local government claimed to have informed the network operator of the poor condition of the pipeline in their region, but the operator refused to conduct the necessary repairs.[17]
As of 2019, the pipeline was undergoing emergency refurbishment which will cost $3 billion USD over seven years. However, it will not start anytime soon due to lack of financing. The refurbishing is in response to a 2011 analysis, which concluded that the natural gas transportation system of Ukraine was in an inadequate condition due to its poor design and construction, and due to the low or insufficient level of maintenance funding.[17]
On 20 December 2022, an explosion was reported on the segment of the pipeline in Chuvashia. The gas explosion and subsequent fire occurred during scheduled repairs near the village of Yambakhtino, Vurnarsky District. According to the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, as a result of the emergency on the gas pipeline, three gas service workers had died, and one driver had been injured.[18] In February 2023, the operation of the pipeline resumed.[6]
Ukraine will not reopen the Sokhranovka gas transit route (Soyuz gas pipeline) from Russia to Europe until Kyiv obtains full control over its pipeline system, the head of operator GTSOU told Reuters on May 12, 2022 following Russian invasion of Ukraine in February, 2022.[19] Gas transportation through Sudzha GMS is operational.[20][21]
As of August 2023, the pipeline is one of the two Russian export gas pipelines, which continue transporting gas to Europe. In February 2023, the volume of gas delivered via the Sudzha gas measuring station was reported to be around 40-43 mcm/d.[6]
In 2019 the personnel of the Branch “Gas TSO of Ukraine” the division of JSC Ukrtransgaz, responsible for natural gas transportation, was transferred to LLC Gas TSO of Ukraine and under the Service Level Agreement concluded between LLC Gas TSO of Ukraine and JSC Ukrtransgaz, LLC Gas TSO of Ukraine provided services covering all types of operation, maintenance and repair works to ensure safe and efficient operation of the main GTS facilities.[22]
In the same year pursuant to Art. 24 of the Law of Ukraine “On the Natural Gas Market”, the National Commission for State Regulation of Energy and Public Utilities (hereinafter – NEURC) adopted a final decision supporting certification of LLC Gas TSO of Ukraine according to the ISO model, and also issued the license for the right to carry out activities for the transmission of natural gas allowing the company to perform its functions starting with January 1, 2020 (Resolution of 24.12.2019 No.3011).[22]
In 2020 LLC Gas TSO of Ukraine was fully separated from Naftogaz Group and 100% stake in the authorized capital was transferred to the state-owned company JSC Mahistralni Gazoprovody Ukrainy (MGU). JSC MGU owns 100% of the shares of LLC Gas TSO of Ukraine.[22]