Yadana Gas Pipeline 2
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Yadana Gas Pipeline 2 is an operating natural gas pipeline.[1]
Location
The pipeline runs from the Yadana gas field in the Andaman Sea to Yangon.
Project Details
- Operator: PTT Public Company Limited[2]
- Owner: Uncoal-Chevron Corporation (41.1016%); PTT Public Company Limited (37.0842%); Myanma Oil and Gas Enterprise (21.8142%)[2]
- Parent company: Uncoal-Chevron Corporation (41.1016%); PTT Public Company Limited (37.0842%); Myanma Oil and Gas Enterprise (21.8142%)[2]
- Capacity: 1.5 billion cubic meters per year[1]
- Length: 178 miles / 287 kilometers[3]
- Diameter:
- Status: Operating[3][4]
- Start year: 2010[1]
- Cost:
- Financing:
- Associated infrastructure:
Background
The Yadana gas field and pipelines are operated by Total S.A., a French energy group, with Chevron Corporation, a United States-based company, as its junior partner along with PTT Public Company Limited, a Thai state-owned oil and gas company, and Myanma Oil and Gas Enterprise (MOGE), a state-owned enterprise of Myanmar.[5] The operator of the gas field was Total. Total had a working interest of 31.2%, Chevron 28.3%, PTT 25.5%, and MOGE 15%. Construction of the first Yadana Gas Pipeline was completed in 1998 and it cost US$1.2billion.[6]
Yadana's second, 287-kilometre-long (178 mi) pipeline from the Yadana gas field to Yangon was inaugurated on 12 June 2010. The 24-inch (610 mm) pipeline has 151-kilometre-long (94 mi) offshore and 136 kilometres (85 mi) long onshore sections. The pipeline has capacity of 150 million cubic feet per day (4.2×106 m3/d).
In January 2022, TotalEnergies and Chevron announced to exit the consortium in response to the increasing pressure from the human rights groups after the military coup. Thailand's PTT Public Company Limited was nominated as the new operator starting July 20, 2022.[7][2]
Human Rights Abuses
The Yadana project has been subject to much criticism in the international community, and investors have been accused of being complicit in human rights violations in Myanmar.[8] Evidence collected by EarthRights International suggested that villagers were routinely forced to work in various guises. One former soldier from the 273 battalion said: "We were told it was a 30-year project and the country got half, and the foreigners got half of the benefit. We ask the villagers to carry shell ammunition, food and supplies. During the portering the soldiers treat porters not so good. I do not want to mention about these bad things so much since I myself I have done it to these people as well at that time." Troops routinely force civilians to work for them and those who refuse are often beaten, tortured or sometimes killed. Since early 2009 Burmese soldiers have ordered villagers to build a new police camp. "The Yadana project ushered in the Burmese army and the Burmese army continues to provide security for the companies and the project. The Total company has been complicit in abuses," said Matthew Smith of ERI.[9][10]
Unocal Lawsuit
In 2005, U.S.-based Unocal agreed to compensate Burmese villagers over alleged abuses committed during the construction of a gas pipeline. It was accused of allowing Burmese troops guarding the project to rape, murder and enslave villagers.[11]
Environmental Impact
Environmentalists opposed the pipeline in part because of a 6-km section of the route that passes through the rainforest in Kanchanaburi province. In 1998, activists camped out along the route to block construction.[12] Opponents criticized PTT's decision to go ahead with the pipeline after its 1996 environmental impact assessment (EIA) was rejected by the government. Among the EIA's problems were insufficient collection of data, according to opponents, and oversights such as that fact that "it ignored the rare crab and missed more than 40 elephants, claiming there were only five in the forest."[12]
Articles and resources
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Yadana gas field, Wikipedia, accessed March 2018
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 "Statement 3: Change of operator in the Yadana project in Myanmar". www.pttep.com. Retrieved 2022-08-12.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Yadana Gas Field". Offshore Technology.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ "Myanmar: Shareholders of Moattama Gas Transportation Company Limited vote to suspend all cash distributions". TotalEnergies.com. Retrieved 2023-08-28.
- ↑ "Total says Myanmar operation unaffected by cyclone". Reuters. 2008-05-06. Retrieved 2007-12-18.
- ↑ "Unocal Settles Out of Court With Myanmar Villagers," Environmental News Service, 12/17/04
- ↑ "Thailand's PTTEP launches bid to take over Myanmar gas project". Offshore Technology. February 11, 2022.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ↑ EarthRights International. "Yadana Natural Gas Pipeline Project". Archived from the original on November 20, 2008. Retrieved 2007-12-18.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (help) - ↑ The Independent 14 August 2009
- ↑ Bogumil Terminski (2012), Oil-Induced Displacement and Resettlement. Social Propblem and Human Rights Issue, Working Paper, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver.
- ↑ Unocal pays out on Burma 'abuses', BBC News, Mar. 22, 2005
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Rumble In The Jungle, Mother Jones, Mar. 10, 1998
Related GEM.wiki articles
External resources
External articles
Wikipedia also has an article on Yadana gas field (Yadana gas field). This article may use content from the Wikipedia article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License].
