Cleveland-Cliffs Indiana Harbor steel plant

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Cleveland-Cliffs Indiana Harbor steel plant, also known as Indiana Harbor, ArcelorMittal Indiana Harbor steel plant (predecessor), ArcelorMittal East Chicago, Inland Steel (predecessor), LTV Steel (predecessor), is a steel plant in East Chicago, Indiana, United States that operates blast furnace (BF), basic oxygen furnace (BOF), and electric arc furnace (EAF) technology.

Location

The map below shows the exact location of the plant in East Chicago, Indiana, United States:

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  • Location: 3210 Watling St., East Chicago, IN 46312, United States
  • Coordinates (WGS 84): 41.669553, -87.438429 (exact)

Background

The Indiana Harbor steel plant was built in 1901; historically, it was two separate plants (now known as the East Works, and the West Works). The newer and smaller West Works was founded in 1923 by the Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company, which then became part of LTV Steel in 1984. ArcelorMittal acquired both in 2004.[1] In 2020, ArcelorMittal was bought by Cleveland Cliffs, who acquired the Indiana Harbor plant.[2]

In January 2020, the electric arc furnace (EAF) of the plant was idled with no plans of restarting.[3]

Worker Safety

In July 2020, a 71-year old worker died at ArcelorMittal Indiana Harbor when they were struck by a coil tractor.[4][5] The company was fined $21,000 for safety violations related to the incident.[6]

On April 2, 2019, a 49-year old man was killed at the steel plants raw materials yard when the engine he was operating struck a rail car on an adjacent track.[4]

In 2017, one worker was killed by injuries from a crane accident at the steel plant and another worker was killed in a buggy accident at the plant.[4]

A total of 393 steelworkers have died on the job at the ArcelorMittal Indiana Harbor steel plant.[4]

Attempts to decarbonize blast furnace

In 2023, the company announced plans to construct a multi-million dollar pipeline for transporting hydrogen to the operating blast furnace at the plant, BF #7.[7] They have successfully trialed hydrogen injection at the unit as of 2024.[8] The waste gas produced by this furnace is also captured and used to generate electricity for the plant's operations.[9]

Plant Details

Table 1: General Plant Details

Start date Workforce size
1901[10] 3431[11]

Table 2: Ownership and Parent Company Information

Parent company Parent company PermID Parent company GEM ID Owner Owner company PermID Owner company GEM ID
Cleveland-Cliffs Inc 4295903753 E100001000649 Cleveland-Cliffs Inc[11] 4295903753 E100001000649

Table 3: Process and Products

Steel product category Steel products Steel sector end users ISO 14001 Main production equipment
finished rolled[11] pipe[11] automotive, energy, tools and machinery[11] 2023[12] BF; BOF; EAF

Table 4: Plant-level Crude Steel Production Capacities (thousand tonnes per annum)

1Please see our Frequently Asked Questions page for an explanation of the different capacity operating statuses.
Capacity operating status1 Basic oxygen furnace steelmaking capacity Electric arc furnace steelmaking capacity Nominal crude steel capacity (total)
mothballed – 454[13] 454[14]
operating 6800[15][16] – 6800[17][16]

Table 5: Plant-level Crude Iron Production Capacities (thousand tonnes per annum)

1Please see our Frequently Asked Questions page for an explanation of the different capacity operating statuses.
Capacity operating status1 Blast furnace capacity Nominal iron capacity (total)
mothballed 3700[18][19] 3700[18][19]
operating 4200[20] 4200[20]

Table 6: Upstream Products Production Capacities (thousand tonnes per annum)

Sinter
2300[21][22]

Table 7: Actual Plant-level Crude Steel Production by Year (thousand tonnes per annum)

Year BOF production EAF production Other/unknown steel production Total (all routes)
2019 unknown[23] unknown[23] unknown[23] –[23]
2020 3400[24][25] –[24][25] –[24][25] 3400[24][25]
2021 4575[26] –[26] –[26] 4575[26]
2022 4931[27] –[27] –[27] 4931[27]
2023 5577[28] –[28] –[28] 5577[28]

Table 8: Actual Plant-level Crude Iron Production by Year (thousand tonnes per annum)

Year BF production Total (all routes)
2019 3145[29] 3145[30]
2020 4284[31] 4284[32]
2021 4321[33] 4321[34]
2022 3700[35] 3700[36]
2023 3800[37] 3800[37]

Unit Details

Table 9: Blast Furnace Details

Unit name Status Start date Current size Current capacity (ttpa) Decarbonization technology Most recent relining
BF 3 mothballed[38][39][19] – 1586.0[40] 1600[18] –[41] 1994-09[42]
BF 4 mothballed[43][19] – 2044.0[44] 2100[19] –[41] 2003[45]
BF 7 operating[38][39][19] 1980[46] 4163.0[47][37] 4200[20] On Jan 26, 2024, Cleveland-Cliffs successfully completed a hydrogen (H2) injection trial at its Indiana Harbor #7 blast furnace, the largest blast furnace in North America. This represents the second Cleveland-Cliffs blast furnace to utilize hydrogen as a reductant and fuel source, following the successful trial at Middletown Works in May of 2023.


BF gas from #7 used to generate electricity;a hydrogen pipeline to feed the unit is underway; has succesfully trialed hydrogen injection[41][48][49][50][51]

2021[52]

Table 10: Electric Arc Furnace Details

Unit name Status Start date Current capacity (ttpa) Current size (tonnes)
unknown EAF (1) mothballed[53] 1970 454[54] 105.0[11][25][55]

Table 11: Electric Arc Furnace Feedstock Details

Unit name Scrap-based % scrap % DRI % HBI % sponge iron (unknown if DRI or HBI) % basic/merchant pig iron % granulated pig iron % pig iron (unknown if basic/merchant or granulated % other iron
unknown EAF (1) yes[56] 75.00[57] unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown 25.00[58]

Table 12: Basic Oxygen Furnace Details

Unit name Status Start date Current capacity (ttpa) Current size
unknown BOF (1) operating[11] – 1800[59][16] 250.0 tonnes[11]
unknown BOF (2) operating[11] – 1800[60][16] 250.0 tonnes[11]
unknown BOF (3) operating[11] 1970[61] 1600[62][16] 185.0 tonnes[11]
unknown BOF (4) operating[11] 1966[61] 1600[63][16] 185.0 tonnes[11]

Articles and Resources

Additional data

To access additional data, including an interactive map of steel power plants, a downloadable dataset, and summary data, please visit the Global Iron and Steel Tracker on the Global Energy Monitor website.

References

  1. ↑ Center for Land Use Interpretation. "INDIANA HARBOR WORKS STEEL PLANT, INDIANA". Center for Land Use Interpretation. Retrieved 2021-10-21.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  2. ↑ Cleveland-Cliffs Inc. Completes Acquisition of ArcelorMittal USA, Cleveland-Cliffs, Dec. 9, 2020
  3. ↑ 2022 AIST Electric Arc Furnace Roundup, Association for Iron & Steel Technology, Jan. 2022
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Worker dies at ArcelorMittal Indiana Harbor in East Chicago, Joseph S. Pete, NorthWest Indiana Times, Jul. 21, 2020, Updated: Jul. 31, 2020, Retrieved on: Aug. 6, 2020
  5. ↑ Worker killed at ArcelorMittal Indiana Harbor was 71-year-old man, Joseph S. Pete, NorthWest Indiana Times, Jul. 22, 2020, Updated Aug. 3, 2020, Retrieved on: Aug. 6, 2020
  6. ↑ Johnson-Bolden, Nikki (2021-01-11). "Indiana OSHA Fines Steel Mill $21,000 For Safety Violations That Lead to Worker's Death -". Occupational Health & Safety. Retrieved 2021-10-21.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  7. ↑ Pete, Joseph (2023-10-12). "Cleveland-Cliffs building multimillion-dollar hydrogen pipeline to East Chicago blast furnace". nwitimes.com. Retrieved 2024-02-09.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  8. ↑ "Cleveland-Cliffs Reports Second Successful BF Hydrogen Trial". Association for Iron and Steel Technology. 2/1/2024. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  9. ↑ "Capturing Waste Gas: Saves Energy, Lowers Costs". U.S. Department of Energy - Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. July 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  10. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20220126185937/http://www.steel-photo.org/2020/09/28/the-big-exit/. Archived from the original on 2022-01-26. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  11. ↑ 11.00 11.01 11.02 11.03 11.04 11.05 11.06 11.07 11.08 11.09 11.10 11.11 11.12 11.13 https://web.archive.org/web/20211129150210/https://www.clevelandcliffs.com/operations/steelmaking/indiana-harbor. Archived from the original on 2021-11-29. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  12. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20220206003320/https://www.clevelandcliffs.com/sustainability/environment/certifications. Archived from the original on 2022-02-06. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  13. ↑ AIST_EAF_2023
  14. ↑ AIST_EAF_2023
  15. ↑ AIST_BOF_2023
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 (PDF) https://d1io3yog0oux5.cloudfront.net/_2f7ae7d945adf749fe7963e793099da0/clevelandcliffs/db/1170/10193/fact_sheet/CLF_FactSheet_IndianaHarbor_042022.pdf. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  17. ↑ AIST_BOF_2023
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 https://indianaeconomicdigest.net/MobileContent/Most-Recent/Quality-of-Life/Article/ArcelorMittal-to-idle-Blast-Furnace-No-3-at-Indiana-Harbor-West-in-East-Chicago/31/352/97938. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 19.5 https://web.archive.org/web/20220813030823/https://www.clevelandcliffs.com/news/news-releases/detail/542/cleveland-cliffs-announces-indefinite-idle-of-indiana. Archived from the original on 2022-08-13. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 https://web.archive.org/web/20220915062940/https://www.argusmedia.com/en/news/2229528-cliffs-largest-furnace-to-take-september-downtime. Archived from the original on 2022-09-15. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  21. ↑ (PDF) https://web.archive.org/web/20221130215256/https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-12/documents/ironsteel.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-11-30. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  22. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20201031193221/https://www.justice.gov/enrd/consent-decree/file/1163941/download. Archived from the original on 2020-10-31. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 "Fact Book 2019" (PDF). ArcelorMittal. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-11-03.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 (PDF) https://web.archive.org/web/20220129220418/https://corporate-media.arcelormittal.com/media/kl3iewkk/fact-book-2020.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-01-29. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.3 25.4 https://drive.google.com/file/d/1LhMKIuU_jGEvku-ZIvmaI7r4fUwRGqW9/view?usp=drive_link. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 26.3 (PDF) https://d1io3yog0oux5.cloudfront.net/_ec8d6dfae8d64afee055b64f5ad2abef/clevelandcliffs/db/1188/11225/file/CLF_2021_AnnualReport.pdf. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 27.3 (PDF) https://web.archive.org/web/20240229041812/https://d1io3yog0oux5.cloudfront.net/_3b13d73bc2bef8e3abc4d6196a66e857/clevelandcliffs/db/1188/11492/file/CLF_AnnualReport_2022_04032023.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2024-02-29. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 28.3 (PDF) https://www.clevelandcliffs.com/investors/sec-filings/all-sec-filings/content/0000764065-24-000038/0000764065-24-000038.pdf. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  29. ↑ AIST_BF_2020
  30. ↑ AIST_BF_2020
  31. ↑ AIST_BF_2021
  32. ↑ AIST_BF_2021
  33. ↑ AIST_BF_2022
  34. ↑ AIST_BF_2022
  35. ↑ AIST_BF_2023
  36. ↑ AIST_BF_2023
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 https://imis.aist.org/store/detail.aspx?id=PR-RU2024-5. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 https://www.clevelandcliffs.com/operations/steelmaking/indiana-harbor;AIST_EAF_2022. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 (PDF) https://web.archive.org/web/20220129213612/https://d1io3yog0oux5.cloudfront.net/_3bdd359b62bd1ceda7299186db0c5b1b/clevelandcliffs/db/1188/10347/file/CLF_2020_AnnualReport.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-01-29. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  40. ↑ AIST_BF_2022
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 https://web.archive.org/web/20241008162928/https://www.energy.gov/eere/amo/articles/capturing-waste-gas-saves-energy-lower-costs-case-study-2013. Archived from the original on 2024-10-08. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  42. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20240110003141/https://www.osti.gov/biblio/129080. Archived from the original on 2024-01-10. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  43. ↑ https://indianaeconomicdigest.net/Content/Default/All-The-News-Digest/Article/Indiana-Harbor-Works-remains-vital-despite-loss-of-blast-furnace-CEO-said/-3/5310/110196. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  44. ↑ AIST_BF_2022
  45. ↑ (PDF) https://web.archive.org/web/20240916155342/http://media.corporate-ir.net/media_files/irol/14/147760/reports/ISG%252003AR.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2024-09-16. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  46. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20170828151801/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1980/09/20/inland-steel-dedicates-latest-blast-furnace-called-worlds-best/56e61986-c040-4525-a422-e13f807f5f16/. Archived from the original on 2017-08-28. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  47. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20220518124247/https://www.viktormacha.com/galerie/arcelormittal-indiana-harbor-indiana-304/. Archived from the original on 2022-05-18. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  48. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20240209190229/https://www.aist.org/news/steel-news/2024/january/22-26-january-2024/cleveland-cliffs-reports-second-successful-bf-hydr. Archived from the original on 2024-02-09. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  49. ↑ https://www.clevelandcliffs.com/news/news-releases/detail/620/cleveland-cliffs-completes-successful-blast-furnace. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  50. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20231019092333/https://www.nwitimes.com/news/local/cleveland-cliffs-building-multimillion-dollar-hydrogen-pipeline-to-east-chicago-blast-furnace/article_4451a2da-6916-11ee-b2ad-e35cd7949c0a.html. Archived from the original on 2023-10-19. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  51. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20241007155656/https://www.aist.org/404. Archived from the original on 2024-10-07. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  52. ↑ (PDF) https://indianaeconomicdigest.net/Content/Default/All-The-News-Digest/Article/Indiana-Harbor-Works-remains-vital-despite-loss-of-blast-furnace-CEO-said/-3/5310/110196, https://www.aist.org/AIST/aist/AIST/Publications/Monthly/085_094_April-2022.pdf https://www.argusmedia.com/en/news/2229528-cliffs-largest-furnace-to-take-september-downtime, https://indianaeconomicdigest.net/Content/Default/All-The-News-Digest/Article/Indiana-Harbor-Works-remains-vital-despite-loss-of-blast-furnace-CEO-said/-3/5310/110196, https://www.aist.org/AIST/aist/AIST/Publications/Monthly/085_094_April-2022.pdf. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  53. ↑ https://drive.google.com/file/d/17Vtt35CBVFAJFBDgan2a9_CW56EKOw6D/view?usp=drive_link. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  54. ↑ AIST_EAF_2023
  55. ↑ https://d1io3yog0oux5.cloudfront.net/_3bdd359b62bd1ceda7299186db0c5b1b/clevelandcliffs/db/1188/10347/file/CLF_2020_AnnualReport.pdf;AIST_EAF_2020. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  56. ↑ AIST_EAF_2023
  57. ↑ AIST_EAF_2023
  58. ↑ AIST_EAF_2023
  59. ↑ AIST_BOF_2023
  60. ↑ AIST_BOF_2023
  61. ↑ 61.0 61.1 https://imis.aist.org/store/detail.aspx?id=PR-RU2024-1. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  62. ↑ AIST_BOF_2023
  63. ↑ AIST_BOF_2023

Resources

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