Electrosteel Bokaro steel plant

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Electrosteel Bokaro steel plant, also known as ESL, Electrosteel Steels Limited, is a steel plant in Bokaro, Jharkhand, India that operates blast furnace (BF), basic oxygen furnace (BOF), and steelmaking technology.

Location

The map below shows the exact location of the plant in Bokaro, Jharkhand, India:

Loading map...
  • Location: Village: Siyaljori, PO.- Jogidih, Op.- Bangeria, PS.- Chandankyari, Dist.– Bokaro 828303, Jharkhand (INDIA)
  • Coordinates (WGS 84): 23.632907, 86.293671 (exact)

Background

The ESL Steel Ltd plant began operating in 2006 under ESL Steel Ltd.[1]

The plant has had a long history of encroachment allegations. Between March 2009 to 2017, the state forest department filed 53 cases against the company. In 2017, the forest department found that the plant was built on nationally-protected forest land. ESL had lied about the project site in its documents, according to the department's July 2019 inspection report. A Supreme Court-appointed centrally empowered committee had heard of the issue much earlier in 2010, but no action had been taken before.[2]

In 2020, a group of employees protested outside and plant demanding better rights and compensation.[3]

In September 2021, an accident at the plant killed three workers.[4] In December 2022, four workers were injured during a fire incident at the plant.[5]

In 2018, the plant had a planned capacity of 2.51 mtpa and a commissioned capacity of 1.5 mtpa.[6][7] In an Expression of Interest dared August 2023, the company announced that the existing two 60 ton BOF units will be replaced by two new 65 ton BOF units.[8] The company planned to expand the capacity of the plant from 1.5 mtpa to 3 mtpa in phase-I expansion within two years, and to 6 mtpa in the next phase.[7] The expansion of hot metal capacity to 3 mtpa was expected to be completed in 2023 at an investment of US$ 348 million.[9] In December 2018, the company announced that it will add a capacity of 4.5 mtpa at a cost of US$ 3-4 billion on top of the 2.51 mtpa.[10][11][12] On 28 March 2022, Vendanta approved expansion of ESL Steel plant to 3 mtpa which will involve addition of a 1050 m3 blast furnace, 500 ttpa coke ovens, a 1800 ttpa pellet plant and an 800 tpd oxygen plant. The expansion also involves debottlenecking of blast furnace #3.[13]

In July 2023, Vendanta announced its plans to sell the ESL Steel plant.[14] In October 2023, it was reported that JSW Steel, ArcelorMittal and a few private equity funds were interested in acquiring the steel plant along with the iron ore mines, both subsidiaries of Vedanta Ltd.[15]

ESJ issues

ESL reportedly deceived thousands of marginal farmers by misinforming them about the purpose of acquisition and not taking their consent. It was reported that the company’s middlemen purchased land at INR 70,000-80,000 per acre, which was one-tenth of the government’s stipulated industry price at that time. As compensation, the farmers demanded jobs at the plant, but ESL employed only a few of them. When the farmers protested, the company, in collusion with local officials, pressed false charges against hundreds of them.[16]

The presence of graphite particles in the pollutants that escape Vedanta’s plants has been documented since at least 2008 and are harmful to people breathing the air in the plants’ vicinity.[17]

Three labourers died in a major accident that took place at the blast furnace #2 of the plant in September 2021.[18]

Plant Details

Table 1: General Plant Details

Start date Workforce size Power source Iron ore source Coal source
2006[19] 8895[20] unknown Nadidihi iron ore and manganese Block Mines and Nadidihi iron ore block mines situated in Odisha.[21] Australia, Russia and Indonesia[22]

Table 2: Ownership and Parent Company Information

Parent company Parent company PermID Parent company GEM ID Owner Owner company PermID Owner company GEM ID
small shareholder(s); Vedanta Ltd not applicable; 4295872982 E100001015587; E100001000479 ESL Steel Ltd[19] 4298544502 E100000130900

Table 3: Process and Products

Steel product category Steel products Steel sector end users ISO 14001 Main production equipment
crude, semi-finished, finished rolled[23] wire rod, bar, pipe, billet, pig iron[24][23] building and infrastructure, energy[25] 2021-06-03[26] BF; BOF; Steel other/unspecified

Table 4: Plant-level Crude Steel Production Capacities (thousand tonnes per annum)

1Please see our Frequently Asked Questions page for an explanation of the different capacity operating statuses.
Capacity operating status1 Basic oxygen furnace steelmaking capacity Other/unspecified steelmaking capacity Nominal crude steel capacity (total)
announced – 4500[27] 4500[27]
operating 2500[28][22][29][30][27] – 2500[28][22][29][30][27]

Table 5: Plant-level Crude Iron Production Capacities (thousand tonnes per annum)

1Please see our Frequently Asked Questions page for an explanation of the different capacity operating statuses.
Capacity operating status1 Blast furnace capacity Nominal iron capacity (total)
announced 1100[31] 1100[31]
operating 1568[32][33][34] 1568[32][33][34]

Table 6: Upstream Products Production Capacities (thousand tonnes per annum)

Sinter Coke
2900[35] 500[34][23]

Table 7: Actual Plant-level Crude Steel Production by Year (thousand tonnes per annum)

Year BOF production Other/unknown steel production Total (all routes)
2019 936[34] unknown[34] 936[34]
2020 unknown unknown –
2021 1190[31] –[31] 1190[31]
2022 1285[36] –[36] 1285[36]
2023 1386[36] –[36] 1386[36]

Table 8: Actual Plant-level Crude Iron Production by Year (thousand tonnes per annum)

Year BF production Other/unknown iron production Total (all routes)
2019 1337[34] unknown[34] 1337[34]
2020 unknown unknown –
2021 1355[37] –[37] 1355[37]
2022 1367[21] –[21] 1367[21]
2023 1473[38] –[38] 1473[38]

Unit Details

Table 9: Blast Furnace Details

Unit name Status Announced date Start date Furnace manufacturer and model Current size Current capacity (ttpa) Decarbonization technology Most recent relining
BF 1 announced[31] 2018[39] – – 1700.0 m3[31][22] 1100[31] unknown –
BF 2 operating[32] – 2016[34] China Metallurgical International[40] 1050.0 m3[41][42] 1100[32] unknown –
BF 3 operating[32] – 2010[34] – 618.0 m3[40] 468[32][34][33] unknown 2020-12[40]

Table 10: Basic Oxygen Furnace Details

Unit name Status Announced date Start date Furnace manufacturer and model Current capacity (ttpa) Current size
unknown BOF (1) operating[43] – 2012[44] unknown` 750[28][29][30] 60.0 tonnes[43][45]
unknown BOF (2) operating[43] – 2018[46] – 750[28][29][30] 60.0 tonnes[43][45]
unknown BOF (3) operating[47] 2018[27] 2024[38] – 500[22][27] 60.0 tonnes[22]
unknown BOF (4) operating[47] 2018[27] 2024[38] – 500[22][27] 60.0 tonnes[22]

Articles and Resources

Additional data

To access additional data, including an interactive map of steel power plants, a downloadable dataset, and summary data, please visit the Global Iron and Steel Tracker on the Global Energy Monitor website.

References

  1. ↑ "Annual Report 2020-2021" (PDF). Ministry of Steel, Government of India. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 27, 2022. Retrieved January 27, 2022.
  2. ↑ "Go-ahead for Vedanta's Jharkhand steel plant despite forest encroachment". Down to Earth. 2020-03-05. Retrieved 2022-03-06.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  3. ↑ "Trouble brews for Bokaro steel plant and Electrosteel Steels". Telegraph India. 2020-12-16. Retrieved 2022-03-06.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  4. ↑ "Three workers dead in accident at ESL Steel Plant in Bokaro". Telegraph India. 2021-09-28. Retrieved 2022-03-06.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  5. ↑ Standard, Business. "4 workers injured in fire incident at Vedanta ESL Steel plant in Jharkhand". www.business-standard.com. Retrieved 2024-01-03. {{cite web}}: |first= has generic name (help)
  6. ↑ "Vedanta to sell Electrosteel Steels Limited 4 years after acquiring it". TimesNow. 2022-11-15. Retrieved 2024-01-03.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Performance analysis of Electrosteel Steels Limited" (PDF). IPAICMAI. Retrieved 04 January, 2024. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  8. ↑ "Expression of Interest" (PDF). ESL Steel. August 2023. Retrieved 03 January, 2024. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  9. ↑ "Why Vedanta wants to sell Electrosteel and exit the steel business". 5paisa. Retrieved 2024-01-03.
  10. ↑ "Vedanta to set up 4.5 million tonne steel plant in Jharkhand". The Economic Times. 2018-12-25. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 2024-01-03.
  11. ↑ PTI (2018-12-26). "Vedanta to Set up New Steel Plant in Jharkhand's Bokaro". TheQuint. Retrieved 2024-01-03.
  12. ↑ "After buying out the bankrupt Electrosteel, Vedanta is spending billions on a new steel plant in the Indian state of Jharkhand". Business Insider. Retrieved 2024-01-03.
  13. ↑ "India's Vedanta to expand steel capacity to 3mn t/yr | Argus Media". www.argusmedia.com. 2022-03-28. Retrieved 2024-01-03.
  14. ↑ "Past environmental issues: Vedanta's plans to sell ESL Steel may get tepid response". Financialexpress. 2023-07-05. Retrieved 2024-01-03.
  15. ↑ "JSW Steel, ArcelorMittal keen on acquiring Vedanta's mines, steel business in East: Report". Business Today. 2023-10-12. Retrieved 2024-01-03.
  16. ↑ "Vedanta Faces Hurdle in Environmental Clearance for Controversial Steel Plant in Jharkhand | Bokaro,Jharkhand". www.landconflictwatch.org. Retrieved 2025-01-20.
  17. ↑ "How Vedanta Hopped, Skipped and Jumped Over Pollution Laws in Goa – The Wire Science". science.thewire.in. Retrieved 2025-01-20.
  18. ↑ "Three workers dead in accident at ESL Steel Plant in Bokaro". Telegraph India. 2021-09-28. Retrieved 2025-01-20.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 (PDF) https://web.archive.org/web/20240125061008/https://steel.gov.in/sites/default/files/Annual%20Report-Ministry%20of%20Steel%202020-21.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2024-01-25. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  20. ↑ (PDF) https://web.archive.org/web/20240111042104/https://environmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/Online/TOR/20_Jun_2018_151101387GQHSRK91PFR.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2024-01-11. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 (PDF). 2023-03-31 https://web.archive.org/web/20240111024123/https://www.eslsteel.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/esl-annual-report-22-23.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2024-01-11. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 22.4 22.5 22.6 22.7 https://environmentclearance.nic.in/DownloadPfdFile.aspx?FileName=OrPX/wz0ThaNA5WBMbUqJIiU4X/xrZj+92umtW4bFxrT8Lq2TZz7uWiTCGC/Ip7RhsdyKZjQLo5ur2JAy0avlQ==&FilePath=93ZZBm8LWEXfg+HAlQix2fE2t8z/pgnoBhDlYdZCxzWF1OLE6RXe5MiAhSH8vdQ1. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 https://web.archive.org/web/20220120003831/https://www.eslsteel.com/facilities/steel-making-process.aspx. Archived from the original on 2022-01-20. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  24. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20220320171642/https://www.bloomberg.com/tosv2.html?vid. Archived from the original on 2022-03-20. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  25. ↑ https://www.eslsteel.com/billets/. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  26. ↑ (PDF) https://www.eslsteel.com/quality/pdf/iso-14001-ems-25mar22.pdf. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 27.3 27.4 27.5 27.6 27.7 https://web.archive.org/web/20240111014619/https://www.theweek.in/news/biz-tech/2018/12/25/Vedanta-to-set-up-4-5MT-steel-plant-in-Jharkhand.html. Archived from the original on 2024-01-11. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 28.3 (PDF) https://web.archive.org/web/20220126133822/https://www.eslsteel.com/pdf/esl-annual-report-20-21.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-01-26. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.3 (PDF) https://web.archive.org/web/20220108035637/https://www.teriin.org/sites/default/files/2020-03/Towards%20a%20Low%20Carbon%20Steel%20Sector%20Report.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-01-08. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 30.3 https://web.archive.org/web/20211128153202/https://www.vedantaresources.com/Pages/ESL.aspx. Archived from the original on 2021-11-28. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 31.3 31.4 31.5 31.6 31.7 https://web.archive.org/web/20220329022611/https://www.argusmedia.com/en/news/2316074-indias-vedanta-to-expand-steel-capacity-to-3mn-tyr. Archived from the original on 2022-03-29. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 32.3 32.4 32.5 https://web.archive.org/web/20220516073622/https://www.steelmint.com/intel/india-esl-steel-undertakes-planned-maintenance-shutdown-of-one-blast-furnace-14387. Archived from the original on 2022-05-16. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 (PDF) https://web.archive.org/web/20240111021456/https://www.vedantaresources.com/InvestorReports/VRL%20Results%20Presentation%201HFY24_Final.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2024-01-11. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  34. ↑ 34.00 34.01 34.02 34.03 34.04 34.05 34.06 34.07 34.08 34.09 34.10 34.11 https://environmentclearance.nic.in/DownloadPfdFile.aspx?FileName=ugpF2+e6EIEraNN7CGu4P/leFs0kszsZESjoqIvLMUeZ5F0pMDLn8aagJSF1UKkElOTv3X+YggTOsYFKvt11A0aVLZxro9e0TDetKnXml5s=&FilePath=93ZZBm8LWEXfg+HAlQix2fE2t8z/pgnoBhDlYdZCxzWEg5krvYDBGh93XnKqWA8seD4MtaNw0LUiciA11QmqMQYG97XmFQhY2Rjqih8D1PE=. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  35. ↑ (PDF) https://web.archive.org/web/20210303203724/https://www.eslsteel.com/pdf/eoi-scope-work.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-03-03. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 36.2 36.3 36.4 36.5 (PDF) https://www.vedantalimited.com/uploads/investor-overview/annual-report/Vedanta-Limited-Integrated-Report-FY24.pdf. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 https://web.archive.org/web/20240111053745/https://drive.google.com/file/d/1xVhdc0w_X5oW5XD0QX7LDRy5YW52JXgo/view. Archived from the original on 2024-01-11. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 38.3 38.4 (PDF). 2024-03-31 https://web.archive.org/web/20240822210450/https://www.eslsteel.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Annual-Report-ESL-FY-2024.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2024-08-22. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  39. ↑ (PDF) https://web.archive.org/web/20240111021013/https://www.ipaicmai.in/IPANEW/UploadFiles/Casestudy/Electrosteel.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2024-01-11. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 40.2 https://www.seetao.com/details/23711.html. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  41. ↑ (PDF) https://web.archive.org/web/20240205210113/https://www.eslsteel.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/EOI-16apr22.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2024-02-05. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  42. ↑ "Letter regarding Environmental Clearance". UltraTech Cement Ltd. 2017-09-13. Archived from the original on 2024-01-25.
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 43.2 43.3 (PDF) https://web.archive.org/web/20240903170700/https://www.eslsteel.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/EOI-1aug23.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2024-09-03. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  44. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20240218090922/https://www.constructionworld.in/steel-news/ESL-to-commission-Bokaro-plant-/5485. Archived from the original on 2024-02-18. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 https://web.archive.org/web/20220124103704/https://indsteel.org/electrosteel-steels.php. Archived from the original on 2022-01-24. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  46. ↑ 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Archived from the original on 2024-01-11. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 "ESL Steel Plant in Bokaro, Jharkhand". Esl. Archived from the original on 2021-12-28. Retrieved 2024-11-07. {{cite web}}: Text "Steel Manufacturing Company" ignored (help)

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