Trans-Anatolian Gas Pipeline

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Trans-Anatolian Gas Pipeline (TANAP, Trans-Anadolu Doğalgaz Boru Hattı) is an operating natural gas pipeline running from Georgia to Turkey.[1][2] It is a part of the Southern Gas Corridor, along with South Caucasus and Trans-Adriatic gas pipelines.[3] It has three proposed capacity expansion projects, Phase 2, TANAP X, and Phase 3.

Location

The pipeline runs from the Georgia/Turkey border across Turkey, to the Ipsala district of Edirne province along the Turkey/Greece border.[4][5]

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Project Details

Project Details, Phase 0 and 1

Project Details, Phase 2

  • Operator: SOCAR
  • Owner: Southern Gas Corridor CJSC (51%); BOTAŞ (30%); BP (12%); SOCAR Turkey (7%)[6]
  • Parent Company: Ministry of Economy of Azerbaijan Republic (51%), SOCAR (49%)[7]; BOTAŞ; BP; SOCAR
  • Proposed Capacity: 24 billion cubic meters per year (increase of 8 bcm/y)[8]
  • Length: Capacity expansion only[8]
  • Diameter:
  • Status: Operating[12]
  • Start Year: 2023[12]
  • Cost:
  • Financing:
  • Associated infrastructure:

Project Details, Phase 3

  • Operator: SOCAR
  • Owner: Southern Gas Corridor CJSC 51%; BOTAŞ 30%; BP 12%; SOCAR Turkey 7%[6]
  • Parent Company: Ministry of Economy of Azerbaijan Republic (51%), SOCAR (49%)[7]; BOTAŞ; BP; SOCAR
  • Proposed capacity: 31 billion cubic meters per year (increase of 7 bcm/y)[8]
  • Length: Capacity expansion only[8]
  • Diameter:
  • Status: Proposed[8]
  • Start Year: 2026[8]
  • Cost:
  • Financing:
  • Associated infrastructure:

Project Details, TANAP X

  • Operator: SOCAR
  • Owner: Southern Gas Corridor CJSC 51%; BOTAŞ 30%; BP 12%; SOCAR Turkey 7%[6]
  • Parent Company: Ministry of Economy of Azerbaijan Republic (51%), SOCAR (49%)[7]; BOTAŞ; BP; SOCAR
  • Proposed Capacity: 40 bcm/year (Increase of 9 bcm/y)[13]
  • Length: Capacity expansion only
  • Diameter: 1219, 1442mm
  • Status: Proposed
  • Start Year: 2025
  • Cost:
  • Financing:
  • Associated infrastructure:
  • ENTSOG 2022 TYNDP Code: TRA-A-782

Background

The pipeline was planned to be a central part of the Southern Gas Corridor, which would connect the Shah Deniz 2 gas field in Azerbaijan to Europe through the South Caucasus Gas Pipeline, TANAP, and the Trans-Adriatic Gas Pipeline (TAP). This project is of strategic importance for both Azerbaijan and Turkey. It would allow for the first Azerbaijani gas exports to Europe, beyond Turkey. It will also strengthen the role of Turkey as a regional energy hub.

The project was announced on 17 November 2011 at the Third Black Sea Energy and Economic Forum in Istanbul.[14] On 26 December 2011, Turkey and Azerbaijan signed a memorandum of understanding establishing a consortium to build and operate the pipeline.[15]

In spring 2012, the process of conducting the technical-economic feasibility study was launched.[16] On 26 June 2012, President of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev and then Prime Minister of Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdoğan signed a binding intergovernmental agreement on the pipeline.[17][18] Also, the agreement was signed by Azerbaijani Industry and Energy Minister Natig Aliyev and Turkish Minister of Energy and Natural Resources Taner Yildiz. The initial agreement on organizational issues between BOTAŞ and SOCAR was signed by Natig Aliyev and Taner Yildiz, SOCAR President Rovnag Abdullayev and BOTAŞ Deputy Director General Mehmet Konuk. The Host Country Agreement was signed by Taner Yildiz and SOCAR President Rovnag Abdullayev on behalf of TANAP between the Turkish Government and the TANAP Company.[19][20] On March 17, 2015, both Erdogan and Aliyev met with Giorgi Margvelashvili, President of Georgia, in the city of Kars in Eastern Turkey to formally lay the foundations for the pipeline and marking the work as started.[21] Construction of the pipeline began in March 2015 and was expected to be completed in 2018.[22][21]

The first phase of the pipeline ("Phase 0") was commissioned in June 2018.[23] In November 2019, the second phase of the pipeline ("Phase One") was completed.[24]

In October 2022, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan noted in an interview that the Trans-Anatolian Gas Pipeline had already reached its capacity of 32 billion cubic meters.[25] However, in 2023 various media sources were reporting that the pipeline was still operating at a capacity of around 16 bcm/y.[26][27][28] The "Azerbaijan Energy Profile " published by IEA in August 2023, lists the current capacity of the pipeline as 24 bcm/y.[12]

Description

The pipeline is expected to cost US$10–11 billion. $800 million of funding has been approved by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development for TANAP. Overall, TANAP will receive around $3.7 billion in loans.[11]

Initial plans stated that the capacity of the pipeline would be 16 billion cubic meters (570 billion cubic feet) of natural gas per year in the initial stage and then would be increased later up to 23 billion cubic meters (810 billion cubic feet) by 2023, 31 billion cubic meters (1.1 trillion cubic feet) by 2026, and at the final stage 60 billion cubic meters (2.1 trillion cubic feet) to be able to transport additional gas supplies from Azerbaijan and, if the Trans-Caspian Gas Pipeline is built, from Turkmenistan.[18][29][30] Its capacity would be increased by adding parallel loops and compressor stations according to the increase of available supplies.[30] The maximum height of the pipeline is 2,700 meters above mean sea level.[31]

The project development is scheduled in four phases. According to the 2020 "TANAP Project 6th Independent Environmental and Social Monitoring Visit Report", the phases are as follows:[8]

  • Phase 0 -  Initial phase of operation, 6 bcm/y capacity of Shah Deniz 2 by mid 2018 will be delivered to BOTAS through the 56” pipeline section through the Eskisehir Off-take. No gas will be delivered to Thrace or Greece. Mechanical completion of Phase 0 was completed in Q4 2017. The Phase 0 facilities have been operational since mid-2018.
  • Phase 1 - To meet the throughput of 16 bcm/y, sized to transport the production capacity of Shah Deniz 2 by 2019 to BOTAS and TAP, the operation of 48” section of the onshore pipeline and the two compressor stations (CS-1 and CS5) is required. The Phase 1 facilities are operational since mid-2019.
  • Phase 2 - To meet the throughput of 24 bcm/y by 2023, upgrading of the Phase 1 compressor stations is required and an additional 2 compressor stations are needed.
  • Phase 3 - To meet throughput of 31 bcm/y by 2026, upgrading of the Phase 1 and Phase 2 compressor stations is required and an additional 3 compressor stations are needed.

TANAP X[13] - According to the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Gas, TANAP X is an expansion project intending to increase TANAP's capacity by 9 billion cubic meters per year. "TANAP X" mirrors what TANAP calls "Phase Two" of development.

Capacity Expansion Projects

Phase 2

According to the 2020 "TANAP Project 6th Independent Environmental and Social Monitoring Visit Report", Phase Two is aimed at increasing the pipeline's capacity by 8 bcm/year (from 16 bcm/year to 24 bcm/year) by upgrading compressor stations in operation from Phase One, and adding two additional compressor stations. As of December 2020, Phase Two's capacity increase was expected to be completed by 2023.[8]

Phase 3

According to a 2020 report, Phase Three of the project is aimed at adding an additional 7 billion cubic meters of capacity per year meeting a throughput of 31 billion cubic meters per year by 2026. Doing so by upgrading the Phase one and Phase two compressor stations and adding three additional compressor stations.[8]

TANAP X

"TANAP X" mirrors what TANAP calls "Phase Two" of development. According to the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Gas, TANAP X is an expansion project intending to increase TANAP's capacity by 9 billion cubic meters per year. The project is expected to begin construction in 2023 and be completed by 2025. It is referred to as TRA-A-782.[13]

In August 2021, an initial project pre-feasibility assessment was completed, which included a review of proposed compressor station locations, connections, and other design and hydraulic elements, as well as a desk study on the possibility of introducing and blending of hydrogen with the natural gas in the pipeline. The feasibility assessment, ESIA/IEA are planned to be carried out from January to May 2022.[32]

Route

The pipeline originates at the Georgia/Turkey border and runs across Turkey, terminating at the Ipsala district of Edirne province near the Turkey/Greece border. At the origin, it connects to the South Caucasus Gas Pipeline which delivers gas from the Sangachal terminal in Azerbaijan. From the Turkey/Greece border it connects with the Trans-Adriatic Gas Pipeline (TAP).[33][34] The Turkish government said in March 2015 that a branch from Greece through North Macedonia and Serbia to Hungary was also under consideration.[35]

The pipeline passes through 20 provinces of Turkey - Ardahan, Kars, Erzurum, Erzincan, Bayburt, Gümüşhane, Giresun, Sivas, Yozgat, Kırşehir, Kırıkkale, Ankara, Eskişehir, Bilecik, Kütahya, Bursa, Balıkesir, Çanakkale, Tekirdağ and Edirne. At Erzurum it continues to Eskishehir where it will unload 6 bcm of gas entitled to Turkish buyers.

Shareholders

The TANAP will be operated by SOCAR, which currently holds a 58% stake in the project. Turkey's pipeline operator BOTAŞ own 30%, while BP acquired 12% of the project on March 13, 2015 .[36] The TANAP project company will be headquartered in the Netherlands.[18]

Initially, Azerbaijan had held an 80% stake, with Turkey owning the remainder. The Turkish stake was divided between the Turkish upstream company Türkiye Petrolleri Anonim Ortaklığı (TPAO) (15%) and the Turkish pipeline operator BOTAŞ (5%). The international companies from the Shah Deniz consortium (BP, Statoil and Total) had an option to take up to 29% in TANAP. However, only BP exercised this option in December 2013.[37] The Turkish government decided then that only BOTAŞ will hold a stake (20%) in TANAP. The Turkish pipeline operator acquired an additional 10% in May 2014. SOCAR's initial plan was to retain 51% and operatorship of the project. Several private Turkish companies had been interested in the remaining 7%, but this did not materialize.

Contractors

  • Bechtel - Front End Engineering Design (FEED)
  • WorleyParsons - Engineering, Procurement, Construction Management (EPCM)[38]
  • ABB - SCADA/Telecommunications System Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) Works [39]
  • Yüksel inşaat - Construction, installation, personnel training, and testing [40]
  • Fernas Construction Company
  • Akkord
  • Tekfen
  • SICIM - a construction company established in 1962 that offers all types of services related to the installation of pipelines and relevant ancillary facilities for the transmission and distribution of oil, gas and water on an international basis
  • Punj Lloyd
  • Limak

Articles and resources

References

  1. ↑ Trans-Anatolian gas pipeline, Wikipedia, accessed April 2018
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "TANAP". TANAP. Retrieved August 31, 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  3. ↑ "Southern Gas Corridor". Retrieved 2022-08-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  4. ↑ "Pipe down: Gas companies' control over billions in EU subsidies". Global Witness. Retrieved 2020-12-09.
  5. ↑ European Network of Transmission System Operators for Gas (October 2020). "TYNDP 2020 - MAP – Transmission" (PDF). ENTSOG. Retrieved December 4, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 "IESC Monitoring Report October 2022" (PDF). TANAP. October 2022. Retrieved August 30, 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 "About us". Southern Gas Corridor. Retrieved August 30, 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9 TANAP (December 11, 2020). "IESC Remote Monitoring Report December 2020" (PDF). TANAP. Retrieved March 15, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  9. ↑ TANAP. "TANAP Information Note" (PDF). TANAP.com. Retrieved March 15, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 "TANAP Sustainability Report 2022" (PDF). TANAP. 2022. Retrieved August 30, 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 "$2.5 billion in external finance secured for TANAP". Daily Sabah. Retrieved 2017-10-04.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 "Azerbaijan Energy Profile" (PDF). IEA. August 2023. Retrieved August 30, 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 European Network of Transmission System Operators for Gas (October 2019). "TYNDP 2020 Annex A.1 – Project Details" (PDF). ENTSOG. Retrieved December 3, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  14. ↑ Demirmen, Ferruh (2011-12-19). "BP-SOCAR duo deliver 'coup de grace' to Nabucco". News.az. Retrieved 2011-12-25.
  15. ↑ "Azerbaycan'la tarihi anlaşma". Sabah (in Türkçe). Retrieved 2018-02-21.
  16. ↑ Socor, Vladimir (2012-04-04). "Interest Growing All-Round in Trans-Anatolia Pipeline Project". Eurasia Daily Monitor. Vol. 9, no. 70. Jamestown Foundation. Retrieved 2012-05-24.
  17. ↑ "Turkey, Azerbaijan sign gas pipeline deal". Bloomberg Businessweek. Associated Press. 2012-06-26. Retrieved 2012-06-28.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 Socor, Vladimir (2012-06-27). "Aliyev, Erdogan Sign Inter-Governmental Agreement on Trans-Anatolia Gas Pipeline to Europe". Eurasia Daily Monitor. Vol. 9, no. 122. Jamestown Foundation. Retrieved 2012-06-29.
  19. ↑ "TURKIC COUNCIL NEWS BULLETIN 15 JUNE -15 JULY 2012" (PDF).
  20. ↑ "ROLE OF ENERGY IN AZERBAIJAN'S FOREIGN POLICY DURING ILHAM ALIYEV ERA" (PDF).
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 "Turkey, Azerbaijan to start work on new mega gas pipeline". Hürriyet Daily News. 2015-03-17. Retrieved 2015-03-17.
  22. ↑ "Tekfen Construction - TANAP TRANS ANATOLIAN NATURAL GAS PIPELINE PROJECT– COMPRESSOR AND METERING STATIONS". www.tekfeninsaat.com.tr. Retrieved 2018-02-22.
  23. ↑ Leaders open TANAP pipeline carrying gas from Azerbaijan to Europe, Hurriyet Daily News, Jun. 12, 2018
  24. ↑ "Завершено строительство второй фазы TANAP". AA.com.tr. Sep 27, 2019. Retrieved Sep 1, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  25. ↑ "Turkey may build gas pipeline from Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan to Europe". Middle East Eye. December 15, 2022. Retrieved August 30, 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  26. ↑ "Will Azerbaijan meet Europe's 2027 gas demand deadline?". S&P Global. May 9, 2023. Retrieved August 30, 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  27. ↑ "Azerbaijan to Expand Natural Gas Pipeline to Meet Growing European Gas Demand". Pipeline Technology Journal. March 16, 2023. Retrieved August 30, 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  28. ↑ "TANAP to increase gas carrying capacity to Türkiye, Europe". Daily Sabah. June 11, 2023. Retrieved August 30, 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  29. ↑ Blank, Stephen (2012-05-04). "Russia Again Seeks to Quash the Trans-Caspian Pipeline". Eurasia Daily Monitor. Vol. 9, no. 85. Jamestown Foundation. Retrieved 2012-05-24.
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 Socor, Vladimir (2012-09-11). "Azerbaijan Drives the Planning on Trans-Anatolia Gas Pipeline Project". Eurasia Daily Monitor. Vol. 9, no. 164. Jamestown Foundation. Retrieved 2012-09-12.
  31. ↑ JIS. "Trans Anatolian Natural Gas Pipeline (TANAP) | Socar Midstream". www.socarmidstream.az. Retrieved 2018-02-22.
  32. ↑ "Gas_28 / Trans-Anatolian Pipeline Expansion - TANAPX". Energy Community. Retrieved Sep 1, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  33. ↑ Socor, Vladimir (15 January 2014). "SCP, TANAP, TAP: Segments of the Southern Gas Corridor to Europe". Eurasia Daily Monitor. Vol. 11, no. 8. Heritage Foundation. Retrieved 18 January 2014.
  34. ↑ "One sure winner emerges in southern gas corridor race". Euractiv. 2013-03-08. Retrieved 2013-03-08.
  35. ↑ "BP becomes a partner in the Trans-Anatolian gas pipeline". Daily Sabah. 2015-03-13. Retrieved 2015-03-17.
  36. ↑ "BP acquires 12 percent stake in TANAP pipeline project". Hürriyet Daily News. 2015-03-13. Retrieved 2015-03-17.
  37. ↑ BOTAS, BP Pipelines intend to become TANAP shareholders, trend.az, 17 December 2014, retrieved on 19 January 2015
  38. ↑ http://www.2b1stconsulting.com/socar-and-bp-kick-off-trans-anatolian-natural-gas-pipeline-construction/
  39. ↑ "RESULT OF TENDER FOR TANAP PROJECT'S SCADA/TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM ENGINEERING, PROCUREMENT AND CONSTRUCTION (EPC) WORKS ANNOUNCED | TANAP". www.tanap.com. Retrieved 2018-02-22.
  40. ↑ "TANAP - Trans Anadolu Doğal Gaz Boru Hattı, Lot 2". www.yuksel.net. Retrieved 2018-02-22.

Related GEM.wiki articles

Natural Gas Pipelines in Central Asia

External articles

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