Magnitogorsk Iron & Steel Works

From Global Energy Monitor
This article is part of the
Global Steel Plant Tracker, a project of Global Energy Monitor.
Download full dataset
Report an error
Sub-articles:

Magnitogorsk Iron & Steel Works (Магнитогорский металлургический комбинат (Russian)), also known as Magnitogorskiy Metallurgicheskiy Kombinat; MMK, is a blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace (BF-BOF) and electric arc furnace (EAF) steel plant operating in Magnitogorsk, Chelyabinsk, Russia.

Location

The map below shows the exact location of the plant in Magnitogorsk, Chelyabinsk, Russia:

Loading map...
  • Location: 93 Kirov St, Magnitogorsk, Chelyabinsk Region, Russia, 455000
  • Coordinates (WGS 84): 53.427593, 59.054122 (exact)

Background

The plant was commissioned in February of 1932, when pig iron was first produced in the first blast furnace.[1] Initially, steel was produced in the open-hearth furnace. The basic oxygen furnace shop was commissioned in 1990. The electric arc furnace shop was established in 2006 on the basis of the open-hearth shop.[1]

EAF can operate with 100% scrap or with up to 40% liquid iron.[2]

In June 2021, construction of a new blast furnace (BF 11) with the capacity of 3700 TTPA was announced. MMK awarded Luxemburg company Paul Wurth with an EP contract for the construction of the unit. The cost of the project was estimated at USD 690 million, and the construction was expected to be completed in 2025.[3] The new blast furnace complex will allow MMK to decommission three operating, but outdated furnaces (BF 4, BF 7 & BF 8).[4]

The construction was delayed due to the sanctions imposed on Russia and the plant as a result of the invasion of Ukraine. In August 2023, a new construction company was found, and negotiations were in progress. The name of company has not been disclosed.[5]

As of October 2024, there have not been any updates about the construction of BF 11. In Q4 2023 BF 8, which was expected to be retired after commissioning of BF 11, underwent a major overhaul.[6]

Sanctions

In 2022, production levels decreased by 40%.[7]

Environmental and safety violations

In 2021, an inspection at 26 hazardous production facilities of MMK identified 500 violations of mandatory requirements of legislation in the field of industrial safety.[8] Administrative proceedings were initiated against PJSC MMK and 29 officials under Part 1 of Article 9.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation ("Violation of Industrial Safety Requirements").[8]

In 2021, violations of environmental legislation, specifically atmospheric air protection were registered.[9]

In 2024, The Ural Department of the Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision (Rostekhnadzor) identified 95 violations of the Rules for the Technical Operation of Electrical Installations of Electric Energy Consumers and the Rules for the Technical Operation of Electrical Stations and Networks of the Russian Federation, as well as 3 violations of the Labor Protection Rules of PJSC Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works.[10]

Plant Details

Table 1: General Plant Details

Phase Plant status Announced date Start date Workforce size Power source Iron ore source Coal source
Main plant Operating[11][12] – 1932[13] 16583[14] Magnitogorsk PVS-2 MMK power station[15][16][17] Maly Kubais iron ore field[18] Tikhov and Kostromovskaya mines of the Nikitinskoye coalfield in Kuzbass
Main plant Operating[11][12] – 1932[13] 16583[14] Magnitogorsk PVS-2 MMK power station[15][16][17] Maly Kubais iron ore field[18] Tikhov and Kostromovskaya mines of the Nikitinskoye coalfield in Kuzbass
Expansion Announced[19][20][21][22][23] 2021[20] –[19][20][24] – Construction of a new 100 MW waste-gas (BF gas) fired power plant was proposed[19] Maly Kubais iron ore field[18] Tikhov and Kostromovskaya mines of the Nikitinskoye coalfield in Kuzbass

Table 2: Ownership and Parent Company Information

Phase Parent company Parent company PermID Parent company GEM ID Owner Owner company PermID Owner company GEM ID
Main plant Magnitogorskiy Metallurgicheskiy Kombinat PJSC [100%] 4295887044 [100%] E100000002080 Magnitogorskiy Metallurgicheskiy Kombinat PAO[25] 4295887044 E100000002080

Table 3: Process and Products

Phase Steel product category Steel products Steel sector end users ISO 14001 ISO 50001 Main production equipment Detailed production equipment
Main plant semi-finished; finished rolled[26][27] slabs; billets; hot-rolled and cold-rolled coils; wire rod; rebar; square bar; strips; round bar; tin plate; hot dipped galvanized; angles; pipes[26][27] automotive; building and infrastructure; energy; tools and machinery; steel packaging; transport[26][28] 2022[29] 2022[30] BF, BOF, EAF[31] coking plant (9 batteries); 3 sinter plants (11 machines, sinter plant #5 (began in 2019), sinter plant #4 (decommissioned in 2019); 1 BOF (370-tonne); 2 EAF[31][21][32]
Main plant semi-finished; finished rolled[26][27] slabs; billets; hot-rolled and cold-rolled coils; wire rod; rebar; square bar; strips; round bar; tin plate; hot dipped galvanized; angles; pipes[26][27] automotive; building and infrastructure; energy; tools and machinery; steel packaging; transport[26][28] 2022[29] 2022[30] BF, BOF, EAF[31] coking plant (9 batteries); 3 sinter plants (11 machines, sinter plant #5 (began in 2019), sinter plant #4 (decommissioned in 2019); 1 BOF (370-tonne); 2 EAF[31][21][32]
Expansion semi-finished; finished rolled[26][27] slabs; billets; hot-rolled and cold-rolled coils; wire rod; rebar; square bar; strips; round bar; tin plate; hot dipped galvanized; angles; pipes[26][27] automotive; building and infrastructure; energy; tools and machinery; steel packaging; transport[26][28] – – BF[19][20][21] –[19][20][21][23]

Table 4: Crude Steel Production Capacities (thousand tonnes per annum)

*Please see our Frequently Asked Questions page for an explanation of the different capacity operating statuses.
Phase Capacity operating status* Basic oxygen furnace steelmaking capacity Electric arc furnace steelmaking capacity Nominal crude steel capacity (total)
Main plant operating 11100 TTPA[21][21][21] 4000 TTPA[33][34][21][33][34][21] 15100 TTPA[21][21][21][33][34][21][33][34][21]
Main plant operating pre-retirement –[21][21][21] –[33][34][21][33][34][21] –[21][21][21][33][34][21][33][34][21]
Expansion announced – – –

Table 5: Crude Iron Production Capacities (thousand tonnes per annum)

*Please see our Frequently Asked Questions page for an explanation of the different capacity operating statuses.
Phase Capacity operating status* Blast furnace capacity Nominal iron capacity (total)
Main plant operating 7450 TTPA[21][32][35][36][37][38][39][40][21][36][41][21][42][43][21][21][44][21][35][21][45] 7450 TTPA[21][32][35][36][37][38][39][40][21][36][41][21][42][43][21][21][44][21][35][21][45]
Main plant operating pre-retirement 3650 TTPA[21][32][35][36][37][38][39][40][21][36][41][21][42][43][21][21][44][21][35][21][45] 3650 TTPA[21][32][35][36][37][38][39][40][21][36][41][21][42][43][21][21][44][21][35][21][45]
Expansion announced 3700 TTPA[19][20][21][23] 3700 TTPA[19][20][21][23]

Table 6: Upstream Products Production Capacities (thousand tonnes per annum)

Phase Sinter Coke
Main plant 11300 TTPA[33] 5400 TTPA[33]
Main plant 11300 TTPA[33] 5400 TTPA[33]
Expansion – –

Table 7: Actual Crude Steel Production by Year (thousand tonnes per annum)

Year BOF Production EAF Production Total (all routes)
2020 >0 TTPA >0 TTPA 11574 TTPA[33][34]
2021 >0 TTPA >0 TTPA 13592 TTPA[46][47]
2022 – – 11687 TTPA[48][49]

Table 8: Actual Crude Iron Production by Year (thousand tonnes per annum)

Year BF Production Total (all routes)
2020 9344 TTPA[33][34] 9344 TTPA[33][34]
2021 10420 TTPA[46][47] 10420 TTPA[46][47]
2022 9078 TTPA[48][49] 9078 TTPA[48][49]

Blast Furnace Details

Table 9: Blast Furnace Details

Unit name Status Announced date Construction date Start date Retired date Furnace manufacturer and model Current size Current capacity (ttpa) Decarbonization technology Most recent relining
1 operating[38] unknown unknown 1932-02[21][38] – Design by Danieli Corus; equipment partially by Dneprogidromash, Ecotech Hoogoven[21][38][50] 1370 m³[21][32][35][36][37][38][39][40] 1250[21][32][35][36][37][38][39][40] unknown 2018[50][51]
10 operating[21] unknown unknown 1966[21][52] – Mechanical Repair Complex; Paul Würth (coneless loading device only); TMT company (thermal probe)[53] 2014 m³[21][32][35][36][37][38][39][40] 1800[21][45] unknown 2008-08-23[53][54]
11 announced[19][20][21][23] unknown unknown unknown[19][20][21][23][24] – Main equipment was to be supplied by Paul Wurth (subsidiary of SMS GmbH), but a different supplier will be used because of the sanctions. Paul Wurth Bell-Less Top charging system[19][20][21][23][24][55] 3800 m³[19][20][21][23] 3700[19][20][21][23] Was planning to use Syngas technology from Paul Wurth to reduce carbon emissions; future technology is unknown.[56] unknown
2 operating[21] unknown unknown 2000-07[21][36][37][41][57] – Paul Wurth; Dneprogidromash; SGL Kalugin shaftless stove (KSS)[36][57][41][58] 1380 m³[21][36][41] 1350[21][36][41] unknown 2020-07-17[59][60][61]
4 operating pre-retirement[21] unknown unknown 2005[21][62][63][64][65] 2025[55] – 1370 m³[21] 1250[21] unknown unknown
6 operating[21] unknown unknown 2013-12[66][39][42] – – 1380 m³[42] 1250[42] unknown unknown
7 operating pre-retirement[21] unknown unknown 2002[21][32][43] 2025[55] – 1371 m³[21] 1200[43][21] unknown 2009-02-09[43][32]
8 operating pre-retirement[21] unknown unknown 2015-03[21][44][40][67] 2025[55] Most of the equipment was manufactured in Russia, also uses Siemens production controllers[44] 1371 m³[21][44] 1200[21][44] unknown unknown
9 operating[21] unknown unknown 1964[21][35] – Danieli Corus; Paul Wurth (coneless tray-type charging device only) Hoogoven[35][68][68] 2014 m³[21][35] 1800[21][35] unknown 2021[68]

Articles and Resources

Additional data

To access additional data, including an interactive map of steel power plants, a downloadable dataset, and summary data, please visit the Global Steel Plant Tracker on the Global Energy Monitor website.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Магнитогорский металлургический комбинат". Metallobazy.ru. Apr 17, 2020. Retrieved Apr 1, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  2. ↑ MMK Annual Report for 2019, Magnitogorsk Iron & Steel Works, Jun. 2, 2020, Retrieved on: Jun. 18, 2020
  3. ↑ "ММК построит новую доменную печь". Металлсервис. June 29, 2021. Retrieved Ocotber 5, 2023. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  4. ↑ "MMK SELECTS PAUL WURTH FOR CONSTRUCTION OF NEW BLAST FURNACE". www.paulwurth.com. July 2, 2021. Retrieved October 5, 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  5. ↑ "ММК нашел поставщика оборудования для новой доменной печи". TASS. August 22, 2023. Retrieved Ocotber 5, 2023. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  6. ↑ "ММК: потребление металла в 2024 году замедлится (Russian)". alfabank.ru. January 25, 2023. Retrieved October 21, 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  7. ↑ "На Магнитогорском меткомбинате сообщили о проблемах из-за санкций". РБК (in русский). 2022-06-24. Retrieved 2024-11-19.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Rostekhnadzor has identified 500 violations at MMK facilities". 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  9. ↑ "Violations of environmental legislation revealed at Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works". 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  10. ↑ "Выявлены нарушения при эксплуатации электроустановок ПАО «Магнитогорский металлургический комбинат»". ural.gosnadzor.ru. Retrieved 2024-11-19.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 https://web.archive.org/web/20210802124842/http://eng.mmk.ru/about/about_the_company/. Archived from the original on 02 August 2021. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 https://web.archive.org/web/20221004052132/https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/5460122. Archived from the original on 04 October 2022. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 https://web.archive.org/web/20220126185015/https://mmk.ru/en/about/history/. Archived from the original on 26 January 2022. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 https://web.archive.org/web/20230401050016/https://mmk.ru/en/sustainability/social-responsibility/labor-indicators/. Archived from the original on 01 April 2023. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 https://www.gem.wiki/Magnitogorsk_PVS-2_MMK_power_station. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 https://magmetall.ru/news/mm-main-basic/na-puti-k-chistomu-gorodu1/. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 (page 148) https://minenergo.gov.ru/system/download-pdf/20706/156298 (page 148). {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 (PDF) https://web.archive.org/web/20221130215516/https://anoire.center/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/iron.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 November 2022. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  19. ↑ 19.00 19.01 19.02 19.03 19.04 19.05 19.06 19.07 19.08 19.09 19.10 19.11 https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/4907537. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  20. ↑ 20.00 20.01 20.02 20.03 20.04 20.05 20.06 20.07 20.08 20.09 20.10 20.11 https://web.archive.org/web/20220515112149/https://mc.ru/news/nw/news_id/12870. Archived from the original on 15 May 2022. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  21. ↑ 21.00 21.01 21.02 21.03 21.04 21.05 21.06 21.07 21.08 21.09 21.10 21.11 21.12 21.13 21.14 21.15 21.16 21.17 21.18 21.19 21.20 21.21 21.22 21.23 21.24 21.25 21.26 21.27 21.28 21.29 21.30 21.31 21.32 21.33 21.34 21.35 21.36 21.37 21.38 21.39 21.40 21.41 21.42 21.43 21.44 21.45 21.46 21.47 21.48 21.49 21.50 21.51 21.52 21.53 21.54 21.55 21.56 21.57 21.58 21.59 21.60 21.61 21.62 21.63 21.64 21.65 21.66 21.67 21.68 21.69 21.70 21.71 21.72 21.73 21.74 21.75 21.76 21.77 21.78 21.79 21.80 21.81 21.82 21.83 21.84 21.85 21.86 21.87 21.88 https://web.archive.org/web/20220121031749/https://metallobazy.ru/factory/6. Archived from the original on 21 January 2022. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  22. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20220929160817/https://www.verstov.info/news/society/99886-predstaviteli-mmk-rasskazali-na-metallurgicheskom-sammite-o-snizhenii-vybrosov-so2-i-esg-transformacii.html. Archived from the original on 29 September 2022. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 23.4 23.5 23.6 23.7 23.8 https://web.archive.org/web/20220423164422/https://www.1obl.ru/news/ekonomika/90-ognennykh-let-magnitogorskiy-metallurgicheskiy-kombinat-prazdnuet-yubiley/. Archived from the original on 23 April 2022. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 https://web.archive.org/web/20230825195725/https://tass.ru/ekonomika/18563237. Archived from the original on 25 August 2023. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  25. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20220112164715/https://markets.ft.com/data/equities/tearsheet/summary?s. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 26.3 26.4 26.5 26.6 26.7 26.8 https://web.archive.org/web/20210802124638/http://eng.mmk.ru/for_buyers/products/. {{cite web}}: Check |archive-url= value (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 27.3 27.4 27.5 https://web.archive.org/web/20230401053057/https://mmk.ru/en/products/. Archived from the original on 01 April 2023. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 https://web.archive.org/web/20230326053259/https://mmk.ru/en/products/fields-of-application/. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 https://web.archive.org/web/20220319200820/https://mmk.ru/ru/sustainability/ecology/environmental-management/. Archived from the original on 19 March 2022. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 https://web.archive.org/web/20220314001421/https://mmk.ru/ru/sustainability/ecology/energy-efficiency/. Archived from the original on 14 March 2022. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 31.3 (PDF) https://web.archive.org/web/20220314045538/http://eng.mmk.ru/upload/iblock/b83/Annual_Report_2019_Eng%20(2).pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 March 2022. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  32. ↑ 32.00 32.01 32.02 32.03 32.04 32.05 32.06 32.07 32.08 32.09 32.10 https://web.archive.org/web/20220705112458/https://ura.news/news/1052092626. Archived from the original on 05 July 2022. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  33. ↑ 33.00 33.01 33.02 33.03 33.04 33.05 33.06 33.07 33.08 33.09 33.10 33.11 33.12 33.13 33.14 (PDF) https://web.archive.org/web/20220314021400/https://mmk.ru/upload/iblock/809/dhquv3fac4w7e6vdn3ujq6zkzqjg7apz/Integrated%20Annual%20Report_ENG.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 March 2022. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  34. ↑ 34.00 34.01 34.02 34.03 34.04 34.05 34.06 34.07 34.08 34.09 34.10 https://web.archive.org/web/20220314093112/https://mmk.ru/en/investor/results-and-reports/annual-reports/. Archived from the original on 14 March 2022. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  35. ↑ 35.00 35.01 35.02 35.03 35.04 35.05 35.06 35.07 35.08 35.09 35.10 35.11 35.12 35.13 35.14 https://74.ru/text/economics/2016/02/09/59869561/. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  36. ↑ 36.00 36.01 36.02 36.03 36.04 36.05 36.06 36.07 36.08 36.09 36.10 36.11 36.12 36.13 36.14 https://web.archive.org/web/20200807235539/http://translom.ru/news/v-2020-godu-mmk-nachnet-kapitalnuyu-rekonstruktsiyu-domny--2_784.html. Archived from the original on 07 August 2020. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 37.3 37.4 37.5 37.6 37.7 https://tv-in.ru/novosti/mmk/mmk-zavershil-modernizatsiyu-domennoj-pechi-2.html. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 38.3 38.4 38.5 38.6 38.7 38.8 38.9 https://neftegaz.ru/news/vtrende/199986-mmk-zavershil-rekonstruktsiyu-1-y-domny/. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 39.2 39.3 39.4 39.5 39.6 39.7 https://web.archive.org/web/20180703185413/http://tass.ru/ural-news/812728. Archived from the original on 03 July 2018. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 40.2 40.3 40.4 40.5 40.6 40.7 https://pravdaurfo.ru/news/spros-podtolknul-mmk-k-modernizacii-vosmoy-domny/?_page=3319. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 41.3 41.4 41.5 41.6 41.7 https://web.archive.org/web/20210419100037/http://xn--80aasnlgddekzd.xn--p1ai/media_center/news/2020/841/. Archived from the original on 19 April 2021. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 42.2 42.3 42.4 42.5 42.6 https://www.verstov.info/news/society/32282-uvelichitsya-proizvoditelnost-mmk-provodit-rekonstrukciyu-domennoy-pechi-6. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 43.2 43.3 43.4 43.5 43.6 https://www.finam.ru/publications/item/mmk-vvel-v-stroiy-domennuyu-pech-7-20090212-1453/. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 44.2 44.3 44.4 44.5 44.6 44.7 https://web.archive.org/web/20220119023421/https://www.1obl.ru/news/o-lyudyakh/mmk-za-100-dney-moderniziroval-stareyshuyu-pech/. Archived from the original on 19 January 2022. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 45.2 45.3 45.4 https://www.verstov.info/news/economy/112-desjataja-domna-posle-rekonstrukcii-snova-v-stroju. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 46.2 https://web.archive.org/web/20220705043912/https://mmk.ru/ru/press-center/news/operatsionnye-rezultaty-gruppy-mmk-za-4-kvartal-i-12-mesyatsev-2021-g/. Archived from the original on 05 July 2022. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 47.2 https://web.archive.org/web/20220515120909/https://www.metalinfo.ru/ru/news/134538. Archived from the original on 15 May 2022. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 48.2 https://web.archive.org/web/20240111061937/https://mmk.ru/ru/press-center/news/operatsionnye-rezultaty-gruppy-mmk-za-4-kvartal-i-12-mesyatsev-2022-g/. Archived from the original on 11 January 2024. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 49.2 (PDF) https://web.archive.org/web/20240111062038/https://mmk.ru/upload/news_docs/Trading_update_4Q2022_RUS.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 January 2024. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 https://www.danieli.com/en/news-media/news-events/magnitogorsk-iron-steel-works-mmk-selects-danieli-corus-reline-blast-furnace-no-1_37_226.htm. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  51. ↑ (PDF) https://web.archive.org/web/20221006175816/http://www.danieli.com/media/download/danieli_year_2018.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 06 October 2022. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  52. ↑ https://www.metaltorg.ru/n/592B. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 https://web.archive.org/web/20170921042638/http://www.verstov.info/news/economy/112-desjataja-domna-posle-rekonstrukcii-snova-v-stroju.html. Archived from the original on 21 September 2017. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  54. ↑ https://www.finam.ru/publications/item/na-mmk-zapushena-posle-rekonstrukcii-domennaya-pech-10-20080821-0825/. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  55. ↑ 55.0 55.1 55.2 55.3 https://web.archive.org/web/20220927204847/https://www.paulwurth.com/en/mmk-selects-paul-wurth-for-construction-of-new-blast-furnace/. Archived from the original on 27 September 2022. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  56. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20221203234802/https://www.paulwurth.com/en/paul-wurth-to-further-boost-efficiency-of-new-mmk-blast-furnace/. Archived from the original on 03 December 2022. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  57. ↑ 57.0 57.1 https://sdelanounas.ru/blogs/134199/. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  58. ↑ https://www.scribd.com/document/495686114/0865-F5010-00000-TS01. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  59. ↑ https://gubernia74.ru/news/1098579/. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  60. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20230605173935/https://mmk.ru/ru/press-center/news/17-07-2020mmk-zavershil-modernizatsiyu-domennoy-pechi-2/. Archived from the original on 05 June 2023. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  61. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20240322054628/https://www.proquest.com/openview/1fb9acb26088ee0678b9bf8d14e401d1/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=1056345. Archived from the original on 22 March 2024. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  62. ↑ http://www.finmarket.ru/news/536476. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  63. ↑ https://rusmet.ru/na_mmk_nachalsya_kapitalnyy_remont_domennoy_pechi/. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  64. ↑ http://www.infogeo.ru/metalls/news/?act=show&news=7797. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  65. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20180317081224/http://rosinvest.com/novosti/68138. Archived from the original on 17 March 2018. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  66. ↑ https://74.ru/text/economics/2013/12/31/59480921/. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  67. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20221204015020/https://magmetall.ru/news/mm-main-special/90-ognennykh-let78/. Archived from the original on 04 December 2022. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  68. ↑ 68.0 68.1 68.2 https://web.archive.org/web/20210927135902/https://www.danieli.com/en/news-media/news/order-blast-furnace-relining-mmk-magnitogorsk_37_645.htm. Archived from the original on 27 September 2021. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

Resources

Retrieved from "https://www.gem.wiki/w/index.php?title=Magnitogorsk_Iron_%26_Steel_Works&oldid=725664"
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike
Powered by MediaWiki
Powered by Canasta
Powered by Semantic MediaWiki